Within each category are titles; click on a title for a
description, and on the button to select that title.
Architecture and Engineering
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians
Operate, install, adjust, and maintain integrated
computer/communications systems, consoles, simulators, and other data
acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment, which
are used to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space
vehicles. May record and interpret test data.
Aerospace Engineers
Perform engineering duties in designing, constructing, and testing
aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. May conduct basic and applied
research to evaluate adaptability of materials and equipment to
aircraft design and manufacture. May recommend improvements in testing
equipment and techniques.
Agricultural Engineers
Apply knowledge of engineering technology and biological science to
agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery,
electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and
processing of agricultural products.
Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office
buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.
Architectural and Civil Drafters
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of
buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil
engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use
knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and
mathematics to complete drawings.
Automotive Engineering Technicians
Assist engineers in determining the practicality of proposed product
design changes and plan and carry out tests on experimental test
devices or equipment for performance, durability, or efficiency.
Automotive Engineers
Develop new or improved designs for vehicle structural members,
engines, transmissions, or other vehicle systems, using
computer-assisted design technology. Direct building, modification, or
testing of vehicle or components.
Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers
Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science,
and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and
evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and
products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation,
medical information systems, and health management and care delivery
systems.
Calibration Technologists and Technicians
Execute or adapt procedures and techniques for calibrating measurement
devices, by applying knowledge of measurement science, mathematics,
physics, chemistry, and electronics, sometimes under the direction of
engineering staff. Determine measurement standard suitability for
calibrating measurement devices. May perform preventive maintenance on
equipment. May perform corrective actions to address identified
calibration problems.
Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatial data in digital or
graphic form for one or more purposes, such as legal, social,
political, educational, and design purposes. May work with Geographic
Information Systems (GIS). May design and evaluate algorithms, data
structures, and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems. May
collect, analyze, and interpret geographic information provided by
geodetic surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data.
Chemical Engineers
Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing
chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics,
detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and
technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering.
Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning,
designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures
and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical
scientists.
Civil Engineers
Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing
construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities,
such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams,
irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.
Computer Hardware Engineers
Research, design, develop, or test computer or computer-related
equipment for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. May
supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer or
computer-related equipment and components.
Drafters, All Other
All drafters not listed separately.
Electrical Engineers
Research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and
installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for
commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use.
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually
under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair,
adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and
machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in
making engineering design decisions.
Electrical and Electronics Drafters
Prepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, and layout
drawings used for the manufacture, installation, or repair of
electrical equipment.
Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians
Operate, test, maintain, or adjust unmanned, automated,
servomechanical, or electromechanical equipment. May operate unmanned
submarines, aircraft, or other equipment to observe or record visual
information at sites such as oil rigs, crop fields, buildings, or for
similar infrastructure, deep ocean exploration, or hazardous waste
removal. May assist engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment.
Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
Research, design, develop, or test electronic components and systems
for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use employing
knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design
electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as
telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control,
acoustics, or instruments and controls.
Energy Engineers, Except Wind and Solar
Design, develop, or evaluate energy-related projects or programs to
reduce energy costs or improve energy efficiency during the designing,
building, or remodeling stages of construction. May specialize in
electrical systems; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
systems; green buildings; lighting; air quality; or energy procurement.
Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other
All engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, not
listed separately.
Engineers, All Other
All engineers not listed separately.
Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Apply theory and principles of environmental engineering to modify,
test, and operate equipment and devices used in the prevention,
control, and remediation of environmental problems, including waste
treatment and site remediation, under the direction of engineering
staff or scientists. May assist in the development of environmental
remediation devices.
Environmental Engineers
Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the
prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using
various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment,
site remediation, or pollution control technology.
Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers
Research causes of fires, determine fire protection methods, and
design or recommend materials or equipment such as structural
components or fire-detection equipment to assist organizations in
safeguarding life and property against fire, explosion, and related hazards.
Fuel Cell Engineers
Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems
for transportation, stationary, or portable applications.
Geodetic Surveyors
Measure large areas of the Earth's surface using satellite
observations, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), light
detection and ranging (LIDAR), or related sources.
Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
Promote worksite or product safety by applying knowledge of industrial
processes, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and
safety laws. Includes industrial product safety engineers.
Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists
Design objects, facilities, and environments to optimize human
well-being and overall system performance, applying theory,
principles, and data regarding the relationship between humans and
respective technology. Investigate and analyze characteristics of
human behavior and performance as it relates to the use of technology.
Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Apply engineering theory and principles to problems of industrial
layout or manufacturing production, usually under the direction of
engineering staff. May perform time and motion studies on worker
operations in a variety of industries for purposes such as
establishing standard production rates or improving efficiency.
Industrial Engineers
Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing
industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality
control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost
analysis, and production coordination.
Landscape Architects
Plan and design land areas for projects such as parks and other
recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land
subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites.
Manufacturing Engineers
Design, integrate, or improve manufacturing systems or related
processes. May work with commercial or industrial designers to refine
product designs to increase producibility and decrease costs.
Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
Design, develop, and evaluate the operation of marine vessels, ship
machinery, and related equipment, such as power supply and propulsion
systems.
Materials Engineers
Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture
materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and
performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials.
Includes those engineers working with composite materials or
specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and
metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally
occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical
engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers.
Mechanical Drafters
Prepare detailed working diagrams of machinery and mechanical devices,
including dimensions, fastening methods, and other engineering information.
Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify,
develop, test, or adjust machinery and equipment under direction of
engineering staff or physical scientists.
Mechanical Engineers
Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines,
machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee
installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment such as
centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems.
Mechatronics Engineers
Research, design, develop, or test automation, intelligent systems,
smart devices, or industrial systems control.
Microsystems Engineers
Research, design, develop, or test microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) devices.
Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
Conduct subsurface surveys to identify the characteristics of
potential land or mining development sites. May specify the ground
support systems, processes, and equipment for safe, economical, and
environmentally sound extraction or underground construction
activities. May inspect areas for unsafe geological conditions,
equipment, and working conditions. May design, implement, and
coordinate mine safety programs.
Nanosystems Engineers
Design, develop, or supervise the production of materials, devices, or
systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition, applying
principles of nanoscale physics and electrical, chemical, or
biological engineering.
Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production
equipment to produce, test, or modify materials, devices, or systems
of unique molecular or macromolecular composition. Operate advanced
microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. Work under the
supervision of nanoengineering staff.
Non-Destructive Testing Specialists
Test the safety of structures, vehicles, or vessels using x-ray,
ultrasound, fiber optic or related equipment.
Nuclear Engineers
Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles
and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release,
control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal.
Petroleum Engineers
Devise methods to improve oil and gas extraction and production and
determine the need for new or modified tool designs. Oversee drilling
and offer technical advice.
Photonics Engineers
Design technologies specializing in light information or light energy,
such as laser or fiber optics technology.
Photonics Technicians
Build, install, test, or maintain optical or fiber optic equipment,
such as lasers, lenses, or mirrors, using spectrometers,
interferometers, or related equipment.
Radio Frequency Identification Device Specialists
Design and implement radio frequency identification device (RFID)
systems used to track shipments or goods.
Robotics Engineers
Research, design, develop, or test robotic applications.
Robotics Technicians
Build, install, test, or maintain robotic equipment or related
automated production systems.
Solar Energy Systems Engineers
Perform site-specific engineering analysis or evaluation of energy
efficiency and solar projects involving residential, commercial, or
industrial customers. Design solar domestic hot water and space
heating systems for new and existing structures, applying knowledge of
structural energy requirements, local climates, solar technology, and
thermodynamics.
Surveying and Mapping Technicians
Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of
an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain
data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or
other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps
from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography,
satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features,
political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and
completeness of maps.
Surveyors
Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide
data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation,
or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface
for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and
other purposes.
Transportation Engineers
Develop plans for surface transportation projects, according to
established engineering standards and state or federal construction
policy. Prepare designs, specifications, or estimates for
transportation facilities. Plan modifications of existing streets,
highways, or freeways to improve traffic flow.
Validation Engineers
Design or plan protocols for equipment or processes to produce
products meeting internal and external purity, safety, and quality
requirements.
Water/Wastewater Engineers
Design or oversee projects involving provision of potable water,
disposal of wastewater and sewage, or prevention of flood-related
damage. Prepare environmental documentation for water resources,
regulatory program compliance, data management and analysis, and field
work. Perform hydraulic modeling and pipeline design.
Wind Energy Engineers
Design underground or overhead wind farm collector systems and prepare
and develop site specifications.
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports and Media
Actors
Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or
other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction.
Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement
to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing.
Art Directors
Formulate design concepts and presentation approaches for visual
productions and media, such as print, broadcasting, video, and film.
Direct workers engaged in artwork or layout design.
Artists and Related Workers, All Other
All artists and related workers not listed separately.
Athletes and Sports Competitors
Compete in athletic events.
Audio and Video Technicians
Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as
microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and
mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related
electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts,
meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and
sporting events.
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys
Speak or read from scripted materials, such as news reports or
commercial messages, on radio, television, or other communications
media. May play and queue music, announce artist or title of
performance, identify station, or interview guests.
Broadcast Technicians
Set up, operate, and maintain the electronic equipment used to
acquire, edit, and transmit audio and video for radio or television
programs. Control and adjust incoming and outgoing broadcast signals
to regulate sound volume, signal strength, and signal clarity. Operate
satellite, microwave, or other transmitter equipment to broadcast
radio or television programs.
Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film
Operate television, video, or film camera to record images or scenes
for television, video, or film productions.
Choreographers
Create new dance routines. Rehearse performance of routines. May
direct and stage presentations.
Coaches and Scouts
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the fundamentals of sports
for the primary purpose of competition. Demonstrate techniques and
methods of participation. May evaluate athletes' strengths and
weaknesses as possible recruits or to improve the athletes' technique
to prepare them for competition. Those required to hold teaching
certifications should be reported in the appropriate teaching category.
Commercial and Industrial Designers
Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home
appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research
on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional
and appealing product design.
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners
Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and
transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information.
Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic
captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded
broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.
Craft Artists
Create or reproduce handmade objects for sale and exhibition using a
variety of techniques, such as welding, weaving, pottery, and needlecraft.
Dancers
Perform dances. May perform on stage, for broadcasting, or for video
recording.
Designers, All Other
All designers not listed separately.
Disc Jockeys, Except Radio
Play prerecorded music for live audiences at venues or events such as
clubs, parties, or wedding receptions. May use techniques such as
mixing, cutting, or sampling to manipulate recordings. May also
perform as emcee (master of ceremonies).
Editors
Plan, coordinate, revise, or edit written material. May review
proposals and drafts for possible publication.
Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other
All entertainers and performers, sports and related workers not listed
separately.
Fashion Designers
Design clothing and accessories. Create original designs or adapt
fashion trends.
Film and Video Editors
Edit moving images on film, video, or other media. May work with a
producer or director to organize images for final production. May edit
or synchronize soundtracks with images.
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.
Floral Designers
Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage.
Graphic Designers
Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional
needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of
mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.
Interior Designers
Plan, design, and furnish the internal space of rooms or buildings.
Design interior environments or create physical layouts that are
practical, aesthetic, and conducive to the intended purposes. May
specialize in a particular field, style, or phase of interior design.
Interpreters and Translators
Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one
language into another.
Lighting Technicians
Set up, maintain, and dismantle light fixtures, lighting control
devices, and the associated lighting electrical and rigging equipment
used for photography, television, film, video, and live productions.
May focus or operate light fixtures, or attach color filters or other
lighting accessories.
Media Programming Directors
Direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in preparation
of radio or television station program schedules and programs, such as
sports or news.
Media Technical Directors/Managers
Coordinate activities of technical departments, such as taping,
editing, engineering, and maintenance, to produce radio or television
programs.
Media and Communication Equipment Workers, All Other
All media and communication equipment workers not listed separately.
Media and Communication Workers, All Other
All media and communication workers not listed separately.
Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers
Plan and erect commercial displays, such as those in windows and
interiors of retail stores and at trade exhibitions.
Music Directors and Composers
Conduct, direct, plan, and lead instrumental or vocal performances by
musical artists or groups, such as orchestras, bands, choirs, and glee
clubs; or create original works of music.
Musicians and Singers
Play one or more musical instruments or sing. May perform on stage,
for broadcasting, or for sound or video recording.
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists
Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print,
broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers,
magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information
through interview, investigation, or observation.
Photographers
Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use
lighting equipment to enhance a subject's appearance. May use editing
software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial
and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and
photojournalists.
Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers
Create original written works, such as scripts, essays, prose, poetry
or song lyrics, for publication or performance.
Producers and Directors
Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or film productions
for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for
creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors
or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography.
Public Relations Specialists
Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or
organizations. May write or select material for release to various
communications media. May specialize in using social media.
Set and Exhibit Designers
Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and
theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and
conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles.
Sound Engineering Technicians
Assemble and operate equipment to record, synchronize, mix, edit, or
reproduce sound, including music, voices, or sound effects, for
theater, video, film, television, podcasts, sporting events, and other
productions.
Special Effects Artists and Animators
Create special effects or animations using film, video, computers, or
other electronic tools and media for use in products, such as computer
games, movies, music videos, and commercials.
Talent Directors
Audition and interview performers to select most appropriate talent
for parts in stage, television, radio, or motion picture productions.
Technical Writers
Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or
operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work.
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials
Officiate at competitive athletic or sporting events. Detect
infractions of rules and decide penalties according to established
regulations. Includes all sporting officials, referees, and
competition judges.
Writers and Authors
Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories,
advertisements, and other material.
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance
Building Cleaning Workers, All Other
All building cleaning workers not listed separately.
First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate work activities of cleaning
personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments.
First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in
landscaping or groundskeeping activities. Work may involve reviewing
contracts to ascertain service, machine, and workforce requirements;
answering inquiries from potential customers regarding methods,
material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to
labor, material, and machine costs.
Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other
All grounds maintenance workers not listed separately.
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning
duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and
glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and
boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying
management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or
equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may
include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing,
trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler
installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete
masonry wall units.
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private
households or commercial establishments, such as hotels and hospitals,
in a clean and orderly manner. Duties may include making beds,
replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming.
Pest Control Workers
Apply or release chemical solutions or toxic gases and set traps to
kill or remove pests and vermin that infest buildings and surrounding areas.
Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation
Mix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides
through sprays, dusts, vapors, soil incorporation, or chemical
application on trees, shrubs, lawns, or crops. Usually requires
specific training and state or federal certification.
Tree Trimmers and Pruners
Using sophisticated climbing and rigging techniques, cut away dead or
excess branches from trees or shrubs to maintain right-of-way for
roads, sidewalks, or utilities, or to improve appearance, health, and
value of tree. Prune or treat trees or shrubs using handsaws, hand
pruners, clippers, and power pruners. Works off the ground in the tree
canopy and may use truck-mounted lifts.
Business and Financial Operations
Accountants and Auditors
Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare
financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements
prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or
other financial and budgetary data.
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes
Represent and promote artists, performers, and athletes in dealings
with current or prospective employers. May handle contract negotiation
and other business matters for clients.
Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
Appraise real estate, exclusively, and estimate its fair value. May
assess taxes in accordance with prescribed schedules.
Appraisers of Personal and Business Property
Appraise and estimate the fair value of tangible personal or business
property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment.
May also appraise land.
Budget Analysts
Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance
with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports.
Business Continuity Planners
Develop, maintain, or implement business continuity and disaster
recovery strategies and solutions, including risk assessments,
business impact analyses, strategy selection, and documentation of
business continuity and disaster recovery procedures. Plan, conduct,
and debrief regular mock-disaster exercises to test the adequacy of
existing plans and strategies, updating procedures and plans
regularly. Act as a coordinator for continuity efforts after a
disruption event.
Business Operations Specialists, All Other
All business operations specialists not listed separately.
Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products
Purchase farm products either for further processing or resale.
Includes tree farm contractors, grain brokers and market operators,
grain buyers, and tobacco buyers. May negotiate contracts.
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators
Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are
made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with
legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle
insurance claims.
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for
employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position
classification and pension programs.
Compliance Officers
Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with
laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and
permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and
analysis activities not classified elsewhere.
Coroners
Direct activities such as autopsies, pathological and toxicological
analyses, and inquests relating to the investigation of deaths
occurring within a legal jurisdiction to determine cause of death or
to fix responsibility for accidental, violent, or unexplained deaths.
Cost Estimators
Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction
projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining
price of product or service. May specialize according to particular
service performed or type of product manufactured.
Credit Analysts
Analyze credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms
to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or
lending money. Prepare reports with credit information for use in
decisionmaking.
Credit Counselors
Advise and educate individuals or organizations on acquiring and
managing debt. May provide guidance in determining the best type of
loan and explain loan requirements or restrictions. May help develop
debt management plans or student financial aid packages. May advise on
credit issues, or provide budget, mortgage, bankruptcy, or student
financial aid counseling.
Customs Brokers
Prepare customs documentation and ensure that shipments meet all
applicable laws to facilitate the import and export of goods.
Determine and track duties and taxes payable and process payments on
behalf of client. Sign documents under a power of attorney. Represent
clients in meetings with customs officials and apply for duty refunds
and tariff reclassifications. Coordinate transportation and storage of
imported goods.
Environmental Compliance Inspectors
Inspect and investigate sources of pollution to protect the public and
environment and ensure conformance with Federal, State, and local
regulations and ordinances.
Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers
Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws,
guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and
contracting arrangements give equal opportunity without regard to
race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.
Farm Labor Contractors
Recruit and hire seasonal or temporary agricultural laborers. May
transport, house, and provide meals for workers.
Financial Examiners
Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing
financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate
transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records.
Financial Quantitative Analysts
Develop quantitative techniques to inform securities investing,
equities investing, pricing, or valuation of financial instruments.
Develop mathematical or statistical models for risk management, asset
optimization, pricing, or relative value analysis.
Financial Risk Specialists
Analyze and measure exposure to credit and market risk threatening the
assets, earning capacity, or economic state of an organization. May
make recommendations to limit risk.
Financial Specialists, All Other
All financial specialists not listed separately.
Financial and Investment Analysts
Conduct quantitative analyses of information involving investment
programs or financial data of public or private institutions,
including valuation of businesses.
Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts
Obtain evidence, take statements, produce reports, and testify to
findings regarding resolution of fraud allegations. May coordinate
fraud detection and prevention activities.
Fundraisers
Organize activities to raise funds or otherwise solicit and gather
monetary donations or other gifts for an organization. May design and
produce promotional materials. May also raise awareness of the
organization's work, goals, and financial needs.
Government Property Inspectors and Investigators
Investigate or inspect government property to ensure compliance with
contract agreements and government regulations.
Human Resources Specialists
Recruit, screen, interview, or place individuals within an
organization. May perform other activities in multiple human resources
areas.
Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage
Appraise automobile or other vehicle damage to determine repair costs
for insurance claim settlement. Prepare insurance forms to indicate
repair cost or cost estimates and recommendations. May seek agreement
with automotive repair shop on repair costs.
Insurance Underwriters
Review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of
risk involved and determine acceptance of applications.
Labor Relations Specialists
Resolve disputes between workers and managers, negotiate collective
bargaining agreements, or coordinate grievance procedures to handle
employee complaints.
Loan Officers
Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commercial, real estate,
or credit loans. Advise borrowers on financial status and payment
methods. Includes mortgage loan officers and agents, collection
analysts, loan servicing officers, loan underwriters, and payday loan
officers.
Logisticians
Analyze and coordinate the ongoing logistical functions of a firm or
organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product,
including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery,
and final disposal of resources.
Logistics Analysts
Analyze product delivery or supply chain processes to identify or
recommend changes. May manage route activity including invoicing,
electronic bills, and shipment tracing.
Logistics Engineers
Design or analyze operational solutions for projects such as
transportation optimization, network modeling, process and methods
analysis, cost containment, capacity enhancement, routing and shipment
optimization, or information management.
Management Analysts
Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and
procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and
prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in
operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts
and management consultants.
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
Research conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets.
Gather information to determine potential sales of a product or
service, or plan a marketing or advertising campaign. May gather
information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing
and distribution. May employ search marketing tactics, analyze web
metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking
and visibility to target markets.
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners
Coordinate activities of staff, convention personnel, or clients to
make arrangements for group meetings, events, or conventions.
Online Merchants
Conduct retail activities of businesses operating exclusively online.
May perform duties such as preparing business strategies, buying
merchandise, managing inventory, implementing marketing activities,
fulfilling and shipping online orders, and balancing financial records.
Personal Financial Advisors
Advise clients on financial plans using knowledge of tax and
investment strategies, securities, insurance, pension plans, and real
estate. Duties include assessing clients' assets, liabilities, cash
flow, insurance coverage, tax status, and financial objectives. May
also buy and sell financial assets for clients.
Project Management Specialists
Analyze and coordinate the schedule, timeline, procurement, staffing,
and budget of a product or service on a per project basis. Lead and
guide the work of technical staff. May serve as a point of contact for
the client or customer.
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products
Purchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts, supplies, or services
necessary for the operation of an establishment. Purchase raw or
semifinished materials for manufacturing. May negotiate contracts.
Regulatory Affairs Specialists
Coordinate and document internal regulatory processes, such as
internal audits, inspections, license renewals, or registrations. May
compile and prepare materials for submission to regulatory agencies.
Search Marketing Strategists
Employ search marketing tactics to increase visibility and engagement
with content, products, or services in Internet-enabled devices or
interfaces. Examine search query behaviors on general or specialty
search engines or other Internet-based content. Analyze research,
data, or technology to understand user intent and measure outcomes for
ongoing optimization.
Security Management Specialists
Conduct security assessments for organizations, and design security
systems and processes. May specialize in areas such as physical
security or the safety of employees and facilities.
Sustainability Specialists
Address organizational sustainability issues, such as waste stream
management, green building practices, and green procurement plans.
Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
Determine tax liability or collect taxes from individuals or business
firms according to prescribed laws and regulations.
Tax Preparers
Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses.
Training and Development Specialists
Design or conduct work-related training and development programs to
improve individual skills or organizational performance. May analyze
organizational training needs or evaluate training effectiveness.
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products
Buy merchandise or commodities, other than farm products, for resale
to consumers at the wholesale or retail level, including both durable
and nondurable goods. Analyze past buying trends, sales records,
price, and quality of merchandise to determine value and yield.
Select, order, and authorize payment for merchandise according to
contractual agreements. May conduct meetings with sales personnel and
introduce new products. May negotiate contracts. Includes assistant
wholesale and retail buyers of nonfarm products.
Community and Social Services
Child, Family, and School Social Workers
Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and
psychological functioning of children and their families and to
maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of
children. May assist parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes
for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such
problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also
advise teachers.
Clergy
Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions
associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or
denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to
members.
Community Health Workers
Promote health within a community by assisting individuals to adopt
healthy behaviors. Serve as an advocate for the health needs of
individuals by assisting community residents in effectively
communicating with healthcare providers or social service agencies.
Act as liaison or advocate and implement programs that promote,
maintain, and improve individual and overall community health. May
deliver health-related preventive services such as blood pressure,
glaucoma, and hearing screenings. May collect data to help identify
community health needs.
Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other
All community and social service specialists not listed separately.
Counselors, All Other
All counselors not listed separately.
Directors, Religious Activities and Education
Coordinate or design programs and conduct outreach to promote the
religious education or activities of a denominational group. May
provide counseling, guidance, and leadership relative to marital,
health, financial, and religious problems.
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors
Advise and assist students and provide educational and vocational
guidance services.
Health Education Specialists
Provide and manage health education programs that help individuals,
families, and their communities maximize and maintain healthy
lifestyles. Use data to identify community needs prior to planning,
implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to
encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May link
health systems, health providers, insurers, and patients to address
individual and population health needs. May serve as resource to
assist individuals, other health professionals, or the community, and
may administer fiscal resources for health education programs.
Healthcare Social Workers
Provide individuals, families, and groups with the psychosocial
support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses.
Services include advising family caregivers. Provide patients with
information and counseling, and make referrals for other services. May
also provide case and care management or interventions designed to
promote health, prevent disease, and address barriers to access to
healthcare.
Marriage and Family Therapists
Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive,
affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family
systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and
techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and
families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental
disorders.
Mental Health Counselors
Counsel and advise individuals and groups to promote optimum mental
and emotional health, with an emphasis on prevention. May help
individuals deal with a broad range of mental health issues, such as
those associated with addictions and substance abuse; family,
parenting, and marital problems; stress management; self-esteem; or aging.
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or substance
abuse problems, including abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and/or other
drugs. Activities may include individual and group therapy, crisis
intervention, case management, client advocacy, prevention, and education.
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders
in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions
involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of
offender, including conditional release and education and employment
stipulations.
Rehabilitation Counselors
Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of
persons coping with personal, social, and vocational difficulties that
result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, aging, or the
stress of daily life. Coordinate activities for residents of care and
treatment facilities. Assess client needs and design and implement
rehabilitation programs that may include personal and vocational
counseling, training, and job placement.
Religious Workers, All Other
All religious workers not listed separately.
Social Workers, All Other
All social workers not listed separately.
Social and Human Service Assistants
Assist other social and human service providers in providing client
services in a wide variety of fields, such as psychology,
rehabilitation, or social work, including support for families. May
assist clients in identifying and obtaining available benefits and
social and community services. May assist social workers with
developing, organizing, and conducting programs to prevent and resolve
problems relevant to substance abuse, human relationships,
rehabilitation, or dependent care.
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other
problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel
individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs.
Computer and Mathematical
Actuaries
Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness,
disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to
forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May
ascertain insurance rates required and cash reserves necessary to
ensure payment of future benefits.
Bioinformatics Technicians
Apply principles and methods of bioinformatics to assist scientists in
areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology,
computational biology, proteomics, computer information science,
biology and medical informatics. Apply bioinformatics tools to
visualize, analyze, manipulate or interpret molecular data. May build
and maintain databases for processing and analyzing genomic or other
biological information.
Biostatisticians
Develop and apply biostatistical theory and methods to the study of
life sciences.
Blockchain Engineers
Maintain and support distributed and decentralized blockchain-based
networks or block-chain applications such as cryptocurrency exchange,
payment processing, document sharing, and digital voting. Design and
deploy secure block-chain design patterns and solutions over
geographically distributed networks using advanced technologies. May
assist with infrastructure setup and testing for application
transparency and security.
Business Intelligence Analysts
Produce financial and market intelligence by querying data
repositories and generating periodic reports. Devise methods for
identifying data patterns and trends in available information sources.
Clinical Data Managers
Apply knowledge of health care and database management to analyze
clinical data, and to identify and report trends.
Computer Network Architects
Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local
area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets,
and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling,
analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for
network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security
measures. May research and recommend network and data communications
hardware and software.
Computer Network Support Specialists
Analyze, test, troubleshoot, and evaluate existing network systems,
such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), cloud
networks, servers, and other data communications networks. Perform
network maintenance to ensure networks operate correctly with minimal
interruption.
Computer Occupations, All Other
All computer occupations not listed separately.
Computer Programmers
Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer
applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and
web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer
programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and
information.
Computer Systems Analysts
Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing
problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications
problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform
systems management and integration functions, improve existing
computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow,
and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially
available software.
Computer Systems Engineers/Architects
Design and develop solutions to complex applications problems, system
administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management
and integration functions.
Computer User Support Specialists
Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or
resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or
electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer
hardware and software, including printing, installation, word
processing, electronic mail, and operating systems.
Computer and Information Research Scientists
Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as
theorists, designers, or inventors. Develop solutions to problems in
the field of computer hardware and software.
Data Scientists
Develop and implement a set of techniques or analytics applications to
transform raw data into meaningful information using data-oriented
programming languages and visualization software. Apply data mining,
data modeling, natural language processing, and machine learning to
extract and analyze information from large structured and unstructured
datasets. Visualize, interpret, and report data findings. May create
dynamic data reports.
Data Warehousing Specialists
Design, model, or implement corporate data warehousing activities.
Program and configure warehouses of database information and provide
support to warehouse users.
Database Administrators
Administer, test, and implement computer databases, applying knowledge
of database management systems. Coordinate changes to computer
databases. Identify, investigate, and resolve database performance
issues, database capacity, and database scalability. May plan,
coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases.
Database Architects
Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems,
and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations,
programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and
construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and
optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow.
Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine
system performance and functionality.
Digital Forensics Analysts
Conduct investigations on computer-based crimes establishing
documentary or physical evidence, such as digital media and logs
associated with cyber intrusion incidents. Analyze digital evidence
and investigate computer security incidents to derive information in
support of system and network vulnerability mitigation. Preserve and
present computer-related evidence in support of criminal, fraud,
counterintelligence, or law enforcement investigations.
Document Management Specialists
Implement and administer enterprise-wide document management systems
and related procedures that allow organizations to capture, store,
retrieve, share, and destroy electronic records and documents.
Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians
Assist scientists or related professionals in building, maintaining,
modifying, or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases.
May also perform some custom application development or provide user
support.
Health Informatics Specialists
Apply knowledge of nursing and informatics to assist in the design,
development, and ongoing modification of computerized health care
systems. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote
the implementation of the health care system.
Information Security Analysts
Plan, implement, upgrade, or monitor security measures for the
protection of computer networks and information. Assess system
vulnerabilities for security risks and propose and implement risk
mitigation strategies. May ensure appropriate security controls are in
place that will safeguard digital files and vital electronic
infrastructure. May respond to computer security breaches and viruses.
Information Security Engineers
Develop and oversee the implementation of information security
procedures and policies. Build, maintain and upgrade security
technology, such as firewalls, for the safe use of computer networks
and the transmission and retrieval of information. Design and
implement appropriate security controls to identify vulnerabilities
and protect digital files and electronic infrastructures. Monitor and
respond to computer security breaches, viruses, and intrusions, and
perform forensic investigation. May oversee the assessment of
information security systems.
Information Technology Project Managers
Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead
and guide the work of technical staff. Serve as liaison between
business and technical aspects of projects. Plan project stages and
assess business implications for each stage. Monitor progress to
assure deadlines, standards, and cost targets are met.
Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other
All mathematical scientists not listed separately.
Mathematicians
Conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of
mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields.
Solve problems in various fields using mathematical methods.
Network and Computer Systems Administrators
Install, configure, and maintain an organization's local area network
(LAN), wide area network (WAN), data communications network, operating
systems, and physical and virtual servers. Perform system monitoring
and verify the integrity and availability of hardware, network, and
server resources and systems. Review system and application logs and
verify completion of scheduled jobs, including system backups. Analyze
network and server resource consumption and control user access.
Install and upgrade software and maintain software licenses. May
assist in network modeling, analysis, planning, and coordination
between network and data communications hardware and software.
Operations Research Analysts
Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods
to develop and interpret information that assists management with
decisionmaking, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May
collect and analyze data and develop decision support software,
services, or products. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or
logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation.
Penetration Testers
Evaluate network system security by conducting simulated internal and
external cyberattacks using adversary tools and techniques. Attempt to
breach and exploit critical systems and gain access to sensitive
information to assess system security.
Software Developers
Research, design, and develop computer and network software or
specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software
solutions, applying principles and techniques of computer science,
engineering, and mathematical analysis. Update software or enhance
existing software capabilities. May work with computer hardware
engineers to integrate hardware and software systems, and develop
specifications and performance requirements. May maintain databases
within an application area, working individually or coordinating
database development as part of a team.
Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers
Develop and execute software tests to identify software problems and
their causes. Test system modifications to prepare for implementation.
Document software and application defects using a bug tracking system
and report defects to software or web developers. Create and maintain
databases of known defects. May participate in software design reviews
to provide input on functional requirements, operational
characteristics, product designs, and schedules.
Statisticians
Develop or apply mathematical or statistical theory and methods to
collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide
usable information. May specialize in fields such as biostatistics,
agricultural statistics, business statistics, or economic statistics.
Includes mathematical and survey statisticians.
Telecommunications Engineering Specialists
Design or configure wired, wireless, and satellite communications
systems for voice, video, and data services. Supervise installation,
service, and maintenance.
Video Game Designers
Design core features of video games. Specify innovative game and
role-play mechanics, story lines, and character biographies. Create
and maintain design documentation. Guide and collaborate with
production staff to produce games as designed.
Web Administrators
Manage web environment design, deployment, development and maintenance
activities. Perform testing and quality assurance of web sites and web
applications.
Web Developers
Develop and implement websites, web applications, application
databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure
that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is
compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance,
scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website
infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications.
Web and Digital Interface Designers
Design digital user interfaces or websites. Develop and test layouts,
interfaces, functionality, and navigation menus to ensure
compatibility and usability across browsers or devices. May use web
framework applications as well as client-side code and processes. May
evaluate web design following web and accessibility standards, and may
analyze web use metrics and optimize websites for marketability and
search engine ranking. May design and test interfaces that facilitate
the human-computer interaction and maximize the usability of digital
devices, websites, and software with a focus on aesthetics and design.
May create graphics used in websites and manage website content and links.
Construction and Extraction
Boilermakers
Construct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationary steam boilers and
boiler house auxiliaries. Align structures or plate sections to
assemble boiler frame tanks or vats, following blueprints. Work
involves use of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels, wedges,
dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testing assembled vessels. Direct
cleaning of boilers and boiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler
fittings, such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-control
mechanisms, water columns, and auxiliary machines.
Brickmasons and Blockmasons
Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile,
concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra-cotta block, with
mortar and other substances, to construct or repair walls, partitions,
arches, sewers, and other structures.
Carpenters
Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of
wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building
frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and
wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also
install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation.
Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation
walls or partitions) in underground passageways.
Carpet Installers
Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding
and trim flooring materials.
Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks,
sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools.
Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use
saws to cut expansion joints.
Construction Laborers
Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May
operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers,
cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring
equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean
and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of
excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other
waste materials. May assist other craft workers.
Construction and Building Inspectors
Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural
soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and
other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be
limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing.
Construction and Related Workers, All Other
All construction and related workers not listed separately.
Continuous Mining Machine Operators
Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and
nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it
onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation.
Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas
Rig derrick equipment and operate pumps to circulate mud or fluid
through drill hole.
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or interior walls of
buildings. Apply or mount acoustical tiles or blocks, strips, or
sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings and walls of buildings
to reduce or reflect sound. Materials may be of decorative quality.
Includes lathers who fasten wooden, metal, or rockboard lath to walls,
ceilings, or partitions of buildings to provide support base for
plaster, fireproofing, or acoustical material.
Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas
Operate a variety of drills such as rotary, churn, and pneumatic to
tap subsurface water and salt deposits, to remove core samples during
mineral exploration or soil testing, and to facilitate the use of
explosives in mining or construction. Includes horizontal and earth
boring machine operators.
Electricians
Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and
fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May
install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical
control systems.
Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers
Assemble, install, repair, or maintain electric or hydraulic freight
or passenger elevators, escalators, or dumbwaiters.
Energy Auditors
Conduct energy audits of buildings, building systems, or process
systems. May also conduct investment grade audits of buildings or systems.
Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining
Operate or tend machinery at surface mining site, equipped with
scoops, shovels, or buckets to excavate and load loose materials.
Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
Place and detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen,
remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials. May perform
specialized handling, storage, and accounting procedures.
Extraction Workers, All Other
All extraction workers not listed separately.
Fence Erectors
Erect and repair fences and fence gates, using hand and power tools.
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construction or
extraction workers.
Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles
Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening,
or decorative coverings to floors.
Floor Sanders and Finishers
Scrape and sand wooden floors to smooth surfaces using floor scraper
and floor sanding machine, and apply coats of finish.
Glaziers
Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases,
or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and
tabletops.
Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
Identify, remove, pack, transport, or dispose of hazardous materials,
including asbestos, lead-based paint, waste oil, fuel, transmission
fluid, radioactive materials, or contaminated soil. Specialized
training and certification in hazardous materials handling or a
confined entry permit are generally required. May operate earth-moving
equipment or trucks.
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other
All construction trades helpers not listed separately.
Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile and marble setters
by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using,
supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and
equipment.
Helpers--Carpenters
Help carpenters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties
include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning
work area and equipment.
Helpers--Electricians
Help electricians by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties
include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning
work area and equipment.
Helpers--Extraction Workers
Help extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers, blasters and
explosives workers, derrick operators, and mining machine operators,
by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying
equipment or cleaning work area.
Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons
Help painters, paperhangers, plasterers, or stucco masons by
performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using,
supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and
equipment.
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by performing
duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or
holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Roofers
Help roofers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include
using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work
area and equipment.
Highway Maintenance Workers
Maintain highways, municipal and rural roads, airport runways, and
rights-of-way. Duties include patching broken or eroded pavement and
repairing guard rails, highway markers, and snow fences. May also mow
or clear brush from along road, or plow snow from roadway.
Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
Line and cover structures with insulating materials. May work with
batt, roll, or blown insulation materials.
Insulation Workers, Mechanical
Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical
systems in order to help control and maintain temperature.
Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining
Operate underground loading or moving machine to load or move coal,
ore, or rock using shuttle or mine car or conveyors. Equipment may
include power shovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawn
scraper or scoop, or machines equipped with gathering arms and conveyor.
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as
motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks,
shovels, tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, and grade
earth, erect structures, or pour concrete or other hard surface
pavement. May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other duties.
Painters, Construction and Maintenance
Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other structural
surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and spray guns. May remove old paint
to prepare surface prior to painting. May mix colors or oils to obtain
desired color or consistency.
Paperhangers
Cover interior walls or ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or
fabric, or attach advertising posters on surfaces such as walls and
billboards. May remove old materials or prepare surfaces to be papered.
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
Operate equipment used for applying concrete, asphalt, or other
materials to road beds, parking lots, or airport runways and taxiways
or for tamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Includes concrete and
asphalt paving machine operators, form tampers, tamping machine
operators, and stone spreader operators.
Pile Driver Operators
Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or
locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and
foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers.
Pipelayers
Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains.
Perform any combination of the following tasks: grade trenches or
culverts, position pipe, or seal joints.
Plasterers and Stucco Masons
Apply interior or exterior plaster, cement, stucco, or similar
materials. May also set ornamental plaster.
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that
carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install
heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes
sprinkler fitters.
Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators
Lay, repair, and maintain track for standard or narrow-gauge railroad
equipment used in regular railroad service or in plant yards,
quarries, sand and gravel pits, and mines. Includes ballast cleaning
machine operators and railroad bed tamping machine operators.
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
Position and secure steel bars or mesh in concrete forms in order to
reinforce concrete. Use a variety of fasteners, rod-bending machines,
blowtorches, and hand tools. Includes rod busters.
Rock Splitters, Quarry
Separate blocks of rough dimension stone from quarry mass using
jackhammers, wedges, or chop saws.
Roof Bolters, Mining
Operate machinery to install roof support bolts in underground mine.
Roofers
Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum,
wood, or related materials. May spray roofs, sidings, and walls with
material to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures.
Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas
Set up or operate a variety of drills to remove underground oil and
gas, or remove core samples for testing during oil and gas exploration.
Roustabouts, Oil and Gas
Assemble or repair oil field equipment using hand and power tools.
Perform other tasks as needed.
Segmental Pavers
Lay out, cut, and place segmental paving units. Includes installers of
bedding and restraining materials for the paving units.
Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
Clean and repair septic tanks, sewer lines, or drains. May patch walls
and partitions of tank, replace damaged drain tile, or repair breaks
in underground piping.
Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas
Operate equipment to increase oil flow from producing wells or to
remove stuck pipe, casing, tools, or other obstructions from drilling
wells. Includes fishing-tool technicians.
Sheet Metal Workers
Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and
equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace
casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and
operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet
metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer;
operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts;
or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred
surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install
prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or
other purposes.
Solar Energy Installation Managers
Direct work crews installing residential or commercial solar
photovoltaic or thermal systems.
Solar Photovoltaic Installers
Assemble, install, or maintain solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on
roofs or other structures in compliance with site assessment and
schematics. May include measuring, cutting, assembling, and bolting
structural framing and solar modules. May perform minor electrical
work such as current checks.
Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians
Install or repair solar energy systems designed to collect, store, and
circulate solar-heated water for residential, commercial or industrial use.
Stonemasons
Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abutments. Lay
walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats, tanks, and floors.
Structural Iron and Steel Workers
Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other
structural members to form completed structures or structural
frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated
metal buildings.
Tapers
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall
surface for painting or papering.
Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
Apply a mixture of cement, sand, pigment, or marble chips to floors,
stairways, and cabinet fixtures to fashion durable and decorative surfaces.
Tile and Stone Setters
Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors,
ceilings, countertops, and roof decks.
Underground Mining Machine Operators, All Other
All underground mining machine operators not listed separately.
Weatherization Installers and Technicians
Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more
energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts,
and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work.
May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation
measures.
Educational Instruction and Library
Adapted Physical Education Specialists
Provide individualized physical education instruction or services to
children, youth, or adults with exceptional physical needs due to
gross motor developmental delays or other impairments.
Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors
Teach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults in basic education,
literacy, or English as a Second Language classes, or in classes for
earning a high school equivalency credential.
Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in the agricultural sciences. Includes teachers of
agronomy, dairy sciences, fisheries management, horticultural
sciences, poultry sciences, range management, and agricultural soil
conservation. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and
those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in anthropology or archeology. Includes both teachers
primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of
teaching and research.
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as
architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and
landscape architecture. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in
teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Archivists
Appraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanent records and
historically valuable documents. Participate in research activities
based on archival materials.
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to the culture and development of an area, an
ethnic group, or any other group, such as Latin American studies,
women's studies, or urban affairs. Includes both teachers primarily
engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts including fine and applied
art, such as painting and sculpture, or design and crafts. Includes
both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a
combination of teaching and research.
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in the physical sciences, except chemistry and physics.
Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do
a combination of teaching and research.
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in biological sciences. Includes both teachers primarily
engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in business administration and management, such as
accounting, finance, human resources, labor and industrial relations,
marketing, and operations research. Includes both teachers primarily
engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School
Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to
students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level.
Teach vocational courses intended to provide occupational training
below the baccalaureate level in subjects such as construction,
mechanics/repair, manufacturing, transportation, or cosmetology,
primarily to students who have graduated from or left high school.
Teaching takes place in public or private schools whose primary
business is academic or vocational education.
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School
Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to
students at the secondary school level.
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to the chemical and physical properties and
compositional changes of substances. Work may include providing
instruction in the methods of qualitative and quantitative chemical
analysis. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and
those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in communications, such as organizational
communications, public relations, radio/television broadcasting, and
journalism. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and
those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in computer science. May specialize in a field of
computer science, such as the design and function of computers or
operations and research analysis. Includes both teachers primarily
engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in criminal justice, corrections, and law enforcement
administration. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching
and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Curators
Administer collections, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items,
or scientific specimens of museums or other institutions. May conduct
instructional, research, or public service activities of institution.
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in economics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged
in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Education Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to education, such as counseling, curriculum,
guidance, instruction, teacher education, and teaching English as a
second language. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching
and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Educational Instruction and Library Workers, All Other
All educational instruction and library workers not listed separately.
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Teach academic and social skills to students at the elementary school level.
Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to the application of physical laws and
principles of engineering for the development of machines, materials,
instruments, processes, and services. Includes teachers of subjects
such as chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, mechanical, mineral,
and petroleum engineering. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in
teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in English language and literature, including
linguistics and comparative literature. Includes both teachers
primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of
teaching and research.
Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in environmental science. Includes both teachers
primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of
teaching and research.
Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in childcare, family relations, finance, nutrition, and
related subjects pertaining to home management. Includes both teachers
primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of
teaching and research.
Farm and Home Management Educators
Instruct and advise individuals and families engaged in agriculture,
agricultural-related processes, or home management activities.
Demonstrate procedures and apply research findings to advance
agricultural and home management activities. May develop educational
outreach programs. May instruct on either agricultural issues such as
agricultural processes and techniques, pest management, and food
safety, or on home management issues such as budgeting, nutrition, and
child development.
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach languages and literature courses in languages other than
English. Includes teachers of American Sign Language (ASL). Includes
both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a
combination of teaching and research.
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in forestry and conservation science. Includes both
teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination
of teaching and research.
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in geography. Includes both teachers primarily engaged
in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in health specialties, in fields such as dentistry,
laboratory technology, medicine, pharmacy, public health, therapy, and
veterinary medicine.
History Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in human history and historiography. Includes both
teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination
of teaching and research.
Instructional Coordinators
Develop instructional material, coordinate educational content, and
incorporate current technology into instruction in order to provide
guidelines to educators and instructors for developing curricula and
conducting courses. May train and coach teachers. Includes educational
consultants and specialists, and instructional material directors.
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Teach academic and social skills to kindergarten students.
Law Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in law. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in
teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists
Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for
public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a
variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and
corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such
as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may
include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and
user services such as locating and organizing information, providing
instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating
a library's media equipment.
Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in library science. Includes both teachers primarily
engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Library Technicians
Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs,
databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by
answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard
reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media;
remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and
check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace
materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile
drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries.
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to mathematical concepts, statistics, and
actuarial science and to the application of original and standardized
mathematical techniques in solving specific problems and situations.
Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do
a combination of teaching and research.
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Teach one or more subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or
junior high school level.
Museum Technicians and Conservators
Restore, maintain, or prepare objects in museum collections for
storage, research, or exhibit. May work with specimens such as
fossils, skeletal parts, or botanicals; or artifacts, textiles, or
art. May identify and record objects or install and arrange them in
exhibits. Includes book or document conservators.
Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary
Demonstrate and teach patient care in classroom and clinical units to
nursing students. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching
and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in philosophy, religion, and theology. Includes both
teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination
of teaching and research.
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to the laws of matter and energy. Includes
both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a
combination of teaching and research.
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in political science, international affairs, and
international relations. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in
teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
All postsecondary teachers not listed separately.
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
Instruct preschool-aged students, following curricula or lesson plans,
in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth.
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and
developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both
teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination
of teaching and research.
Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies,
including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both
teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination
of teaching and research.
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Teach one or more subjects to students at the secondary school level.
Self-Enrichment Teachers
Teach or instruct individuals or groups for the primary purpose of
self-enrichment or recreation, rather than for an occupational
objective, educational attainment, competition, or fitness.
Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary, All Other
All postsecondary social sciences teachers not listed separately.
Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in social work. Includes both teachers primarily engaged
in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in sociology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged
in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Special Education Teachers, All Other
All special education teachers not listed separately.
Special Education Teachers, Elementary School
Teach academic, social, and life skills to elementary school students
with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers
who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual
impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and
students with intellectual disabilities.
Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten
Teach academic, social, and life skills to kindergarten students with
learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who
specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual
impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and
students with intellectual disabilities.
Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Teach academic, social, and life skills to middle school students with
learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who
specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual
impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and
students with intellectual disabilities.
Special Education Teachers, Preschool
Teach academic, social, and life skills to preschool-aged students
with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers
who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual
impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and
students with intellectual disabilities.
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School
Teach academic, social, and life skills to secondary school students
with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers
who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual
impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and
students with intellectual disabilities.
Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
Teach students on a short-term basis as a temporary replacement for a
regular classroom teacher, typically using the regular teacher's
lesson plan.
Teachers and Instructors, All Other
All teachers and instructors not listed separately.
Teaching Assistants, All Other
All teaching assistants not listed separately.
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary
Assist faculty or other instructional staff in postsecondary
institutions by performing instructional support activities, such as
developing teaching materials, leading discussion groups, preparing
and giving examinations, and grading examinations or papers.
Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education
Assist a preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher
with instructional duties. Serve in a position for which a teacher has
primary responsibility for the design and implementation of
educational programs and services.
Teaching Assistants, Special Education
Assist a preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher to
provide academic, social, or life skills to students who have
learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Serve in a position for
which a teacher has primary responsibility for the design and
implementation of educational programs and services.
Tutors
Instruct individual students or small groups of students in academic
subjects to support formal class instruction or to prepare students
for standardized or admissions tests.
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Agricultural Equipment Operators
Drive and control equipment to support agricultural activities such as
tilling soil; planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops; feeding and
herding livestock; or removing animal waste. May perform tasks such as
crop baling or hay bucking. May operate stationary equipment to
perform post-harvest tasks such as husking, shelling, threshing, and
ginning.
Agricultural Inspectors
Inspect agricultural commodities, processing equipment, and
facilities, and fish and logging operations, to ensure compliance with
regulations and laws governing health, quality, and safety.
Agricultural Workers, All Other
All agricultural workers not listed separately.
Animal Breeders
Select and breed animals according to their genealogy,
characteristics, and offspring. May require knowledge of artificial
insemination techniques and equipment use. May involve keeping records
on heats, birth intervals, or pedigree.
Fallers
Use axes or chainsaws to fell trees using knowledge of tree
characteristics and cutting techniques to control direction of fall
and minimize tree damage.
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse
Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts,
horticultural specialties, and field crops. Use hand tools, such as
shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives.
Duties may include tilling soil and applying fertilizers;
transplanting, weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying
pesticides; or cleaning, grading, sorting, packing, and loading
harvested products. May construct trellises, repair fences and farm
buildings, or participate in irrigation activities.
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals
Attend to live farm, ranch, open range or aquacultural animals that
may include cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses and other equines,
poultry, rabbits, finfish, shellfish, and bees. Attend to animals
produced for animal products, such as meat, fur, skins, feathers,
eggs, milk, and honey. Duties may include feeding, watering, herding,
grazing, milking, castrating, branding, de-beaking, weighing,
catching, and loading animals. May maintain records on animals;
examine animals to detect diseases and injuries; assist in birth
deliveries; and administer medications, vaccinations, or insecticides
as appropriate. May clean and maintain animal housing areas. Includes
workers who shear wool from sheep and collect eggs in hatcheries.
First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of agricultural,
forestry, aquacultural, and related workers.
Fishing and Hunting Workers
Hunt, trap, catch, or gather wild animals or aquatic animals and
plants. May use nets, traps, or other equipment. May haul catch onto
ship or other vessel.
Forest and Conservation Workers
Under supervision, perform manual labor necessary to develop,
maintain, or protect areas such as forests, forested areas, woodlands,
wetlands, and rangelands through such activities as raising and
transporting seedlings; combating insects, pests, and diseases harmful
to plant life; and building structures to control water, erosion, and
leaching of soil. Includes forester aides, seedling pullers, tree
planters, and gatherers of nontimber forestry products such as pine straw.
Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
Grade, sort, or classify unprocessed food and other agricultural
products by size, weight, color, or condition.
Log Graders and Scalers
Grade logs or estimate the marketable content or value of logs or
pulpwood in sorting yards, millpond, log deck, or similar locations.
Inspect logs for defects or measure logs to determine volume.
Logging Equipment Operators
Drive logging tractor or wheeled vehicle equipped with one or more
accessories, such as bulldozer blade, frontal shear, grapple, logging
arch, cable winches, hoisting rack, or crane boom, to fell tree; to
skid, load, unload, or stack logs; or to pull stumps or clear brush.
Includes operating stand-alone logging machines, such as log chippers.
Logging Workers, All Other
All logging workers not listed separately.
Food Preparation and Serving-Related
Baristas
Prepare or serve specialty coffee or other beverages. Serve food such
as baked goods or sandwiches to patrons.
Bartenders
Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff.
Chefs and Head Cooks
Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking
of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods.
May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and
accounts.
Cooks, All Other
All cooks not listed separately.
Cooks, Fast Food
Prepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant with a limited menu.
Duties of these cooks are limited to preparation of a few basic items
and normally involve operating large-volume single-purpose cooking
equipment.
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as
schools, hospitals, or cafeterias.
Cooks, Private Household
Prepare meals in private homes. Includes personal chefs.
Cooks, Restaurant
Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or
desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and
accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu.
Cooks, Short Order
Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short
preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at
counters or tables.
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers
Facilitate food service. Clean tables; remove dirty dishes; replace
soiled table linens; set tables; replenish supply of clean linens,
silverware, glassware, and dishes; supply service bar with food; and
serve items such as water, condiments, and coffee to patrons.
Dishwashers
Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils.
Fast Food and Counter Workers
Perform duties such as taking orders and serving food and beverages.
Serve customers at counter or from a steam table. May take payment.
May prepare food and beverages.
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in
preparing and serving food.
Food Preparation Workers
Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such
as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing
coffee or tea.
Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other
All food preparation and serving related workers not listed separately.
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
Serve food to individuals outside of a restaurant environment, such as
in hotel rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, or cars.
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop
Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and help ensure
quality of facilities and service.
Waiters and Waitresses
Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in
dining establishment.
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
Acupuncturists
Diagnose, treat, and prevent disorders by stimulating specific
acupuncture points within the body using acupuncture needles. May also
use cups, nutritional supplements, therapeutic massage, acupressure,
and other alternative health therapies.
Acute Care Nurses
Provide advanced nursing care for patients with acute conditions such
as heart attacks, respiratory distress syndrome, or shock. May care
for pre- and post-operative patients or perform advanced, invasive
diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses
Assess, diagnose, and treat individuals and families with mental
health or substance use disorders or the potential for such disorders.
Apply therapeutic activities, including the prescription of
medication, per state regulations, and the administration of psychotherapy.
Allergists and Immunologists
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and disease
processes affecting the immune system.
Anesthesiologist Assistants
Assist anesthesiologists in the administration of anesthesia for
surgical and non-surgical procedures. Monitor patient status and
provide patient care during surgical treatment.
Anesthesiologists
Administer anesthetics and analgesics for pain management prior to,
during, or after surgery.
Art Therapists
Plan or conduct art therapy sessions or programs to improve clients'
physical, cognitive, or emotional well-being.
Athletic Trainers
Evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries or illnesses. Provide
preventive, therapeutic, emergency, and rehabilitative care.
Audiologists
Assess and treat persons with hearing and related disorders. May fit
hearing aids and provide auditory training. May perform research
related to hearing problems.
Cardiologists
Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the
cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional
procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement),
echocardiography, or electrophysiology.
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for
diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist
in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions,
lung capacity, and similar tests.
Chiropractors
Assess, treat, and care for patients by manipulation of spine and
musculoskeletal system. May provide spinal adjustment or address
sacral or pelvic misalignment.
Clinical Nurse Specialists
Direct nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical
practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure
adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations,
and standards.
Critical Care Nurses
Provide specialized nursing care for patients in critical or coronary
care units.
Cytogenetic Technologists
Analyze chromosomes or chromosome segments found in biological
specimens, such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, solid tumors, and
blood to aid in the study, diagnosis, classification, or treatment of
inherited or acquired genetic diseases. Conduct analyses through
classical cytogenetic, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or
array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) techniques.
Cytotechnologists
Stain, mount, and study cells to detect evidence of cancer, hormonal
abnormalities, and other pathological conditions following established
standards and practices.
Dental Hygienists
Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene
problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral
health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care
such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia.
Dentists, All Other Specialists
All dentists not listed separately.
Dentists, General
Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of
teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental
tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental
appliances or provide preventive care.
Dermatologists
Diagnose and treat diseases relating to the skin, hair, and nails. May
perform both medical and dermatological surgery functions.
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by
physicians. Includes vascular technologists.
Dietetic Technicians
Assist in the provision of food service and nutritional programs,
under the supervision of a dietitian. May plan and produce meals based
on established guidelines, teach principles of food and nutrition, or
counsel individuals.
Dietitians and Nutritionists
Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs to assist in the
promotion of health and control of disease. May supervise activities
of a department providing quantity food services, counsel individuals,
or conduct nutritional research.
Emergency Medical Technicians
Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical
care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further
disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care,
stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency
medical staff in an emergency department.
Exercise Physiologists
Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or
physical activities such as those designed to improve
cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength,
muscular endurance, or flexibility.
Family Medicine Physicians
Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and
families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when
needed for further diagnosis or treatment.
General Internal Medicine Physicians
Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of
diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly
for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient
care setting.
Genetic Counselors
Assess individual or family risk for a variety of inherited
conditions, such as genetic disorders and birth defects. Provide
information to other healthcare providers or to individuals and
families concerned with the risk of inherited conditions. Advise
individuals and families to support informed decisionmaking and coping
methods for those at risk. May help conduct research related to
genetic conditions or genetic counseling.
Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the
design, development, and continued modification and analysis of
computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze
treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and
assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the
healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and
implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and
health status to help monitor diseases.
Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other
All health technologists and technicians not listed separately.
Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners, All Other
All healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners not listed separately.
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other
All healthcare practitioners and technical workers not listed separately.
Hearing Aid Specialists
Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret
tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear
impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds.
Histology Technicians
Prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic
examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May assist with research studies.
Histotechnologists
Apply knowledge of health and disease causes to evaluate new
laboratory techniques and procedures to examine tissue samples.
Process and prepare histological slides from tissue sections for
microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May solve
technical or instrument problems or assist with research studies.
Hospitalists
Provide inpatient care predominantly in settings such as medical
wards, acute care units, intensive care units, rehabilitation centers,
or emergency rooms. Manage and coordinate patient care throughout treatment.
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients or persons with
disabilities in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes,
group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision
of a registered nurse. Licensing required.
Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists
Provide therapy to patients with visual impairments to improve their
functioning in daily life activities. May train patients in activities
such as computer use, communication skills, or home management skills.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists
Operate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. Monitor patient
safety and comfort, and view images of area being scanned to ensure
quality of pictures. May administer gadolinium contrast dosage
intravenously. May interview patient, explain MRI procedures, and
position patient on examining table. May enter into the computer data
such as patient history, anatomical area to be scanned, orientation
specified, and position of entry.
Medical Dosimetrists
Generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose
calculations, communicate and supervise the treatment plan
implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team.
Medical Records Specialists
Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic
patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical,
legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify
medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures,
medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's
numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment,
and prevention of disease. May work under the supervision of a medical
technologist.
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists
Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of disease. May train or supervise staff.
Midwives
Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance.
Music Therapists
Plan, organize, direct, or assess clinical and evidenced-based music
therapy interventions to positively influence individuals' physical,
psychological, cognitive, or behavioral status.
Naturopathic Physicians
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases using a system of practice
that is based on the natural healing capacity of individuals. May use
physiological, psychological or mechanical methods. May also use
natural medicines, prescription or legend drugs, foods, herbs, or
other natural remedies.
Neurodiagnostic Technologists
Conduct electroneurodiagnostic (END) tests such as
electroencephalograms, evoked potentials, polysomnograms, or
electronystagmograms. May perform nerve conduction studies.
Neurologists
Diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and diseases of the brain,
spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, with a primarily nonsurgical focus.
Nuclear Medicine Technologists
Prepare, administer, and measure radioactive isotopes in therapeutic,
diagnostic, and tracer studies using a variety of radioisotope
equipment. Prepare stock solutions of radioactive materials and
calculate doses to be administered by radiologists. Subject patients
to radiation. Execute blood volume, red cell survival, and fat
absorption studies following standard laboratory techniques.
Nurse Anesthetists
Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee
patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists,
surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who
have specialized graduate education.
Nurse Midwives
Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either
independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman
gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education.
Nurse Practitioners
Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently
or as part of a healthcare team. May focus on health promotion and
disease prevention. May order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests
such as lab work and x rays. May prescribe medication. Must be
registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.
Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Provide medical care related to pregnancy or childbirth. Diagnose,
treat, and help prevent diseases of women, particularly those
affecting the reproductive system. May also provide general care to
women. May perform both medical and gynecological surgery functions.
Occupational Therapists
Assess, plan, and organize rehabilitative programs that help build or
restore vocational, homemaking, and daily living skills, as well as
general independence, to persons with disabilities or developmental
delays. Use therapeutic techniques, adapt the individual's
environment, teach skills, and modify specific tasks that present
barriers to the individual.
Ophthalmic Medical Technicians
Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions.
May administer eye exams, administer eye medications, and instruct the
patient in care and use of corrective lenses.
Ophthalmic Medical Technologists
Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions
and ophthalmic photography. Provide instruction and supervision to
other ophthalmic personnel. Assist with minor surgical procedures,
applying aseptic techniques and preparing instruments. May perform eye
exams, administer eye medications, and instruct patients in care and
use of corrective lenses.
Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and help prevent disorders and
diseases of the eye. May also provide vision services for treatment
including glasses and contacts.
Opticians, Dispensing
Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client according
to written optical prescription or specification. Assist client with
inserting, removing, and caring for contact lenses. Assist client with
selecting frames. Measure customer for size of eyeglasses and
coordinate frames with facial and eye measurements and optical
prescription. Prepare work order for optical laboratory containing
instructions for grinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verify
exactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frame and lens position
to fit client. May shape or reshape frames. Includes contact lens opticians.
Optometrists
Diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye
and visual system. Examine eyes and visual system, diagnose problems
or impairments, prescribe corrective lenses, and provide treatment.
May prescribe therapeutic drugs to treat specific eye conditions.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Perform surgery and related procedures on the hard and soft tissues of
the oral and maxillofacial regions to treat diseases, injuries, or
defects. May diagnose problems of the oral and maxillofacial regions.
May perform surgery to improve function or appearance.
Orthodontists
Examine, diagnose, and treat dental malocclusions and oral cavity
anomalies. Design and fabricate appliances to realign teeth and jaws
to produce and maintain normal function and to improve appearance.
Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and prevent rheumatic and other
diseases in the musculoskeletal system.
Orthoptists
Diagnose and treat visual system disorders such as binocular vision
and eye movement impairments.
Orthotists and Prosthetists
Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or
prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling
conditions.
Paramedics
Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess
injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use
equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or
injured individuals.
Patient Representatives
Assist patients in obtaining services, understanding policies and
making health care decisions.
Pediatric Surgeons
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth
defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn
infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical
specialties and subspecialties.
Pediatricians, General
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases and injuries in children.
May refer patients to specialists for further diagnosis or treatment,
as needed.
Pharmacists
Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners
and provide information to patients about medications and their use.
May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection,
dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications.
Pharmacy Technicians
Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure,
mix, count out, label, and record amounts and dosages of medications
according to prescription orders.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians
Diagnose and treat disorders requiring physiotherapy to provide
physical, mental, and occupational rehabilitation.
Physical Therapists
Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs
that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or
correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury.
Physician Assistants
Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under
the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide
treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe
medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for
physician assistants.
Physicians, All Other
All physicians not listed separately.
Physicians, Pathologists
Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues,
and fluids. Includes medical examiners.
Podiatrists
Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot.
Preventive Medicine Physicians
Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health
issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the
prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or
death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat
patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention.
Prosthodontists
Diagnose, treat, rehabilitate, design, and fit prostheses that
maintain oral function, health, and appearance for patients with
clinical conditions associated with teeth, oral and maxillofacial
tissues, or the jaw.
Psychiatric Technicians
Care for individuals with mental or emotional conditions or
disabilities, following the instructions of physicians or other health
practitioners. Monitor patients' physical and emotional well-being and
report to medical staff. May participate in rehabilitation and
treatment programs, help with personal hygiene, and administer oral or
injectable medications.
Psychiatrists
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent mental disorders.
Radiation Therapists
Provide radiation therapy to patients as prescribed by a radiation
oncologist according to established practices and standards. Duties
may include reviewing prescription and diagnosis; acting as liaison
with physician and supportive care personnel; preparing equipment,
such as immobilization, treatment, and protection devices; and
maintaining records, reports, and files. May assist in dosimetry
procedures and tumor localization.
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into
patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes
radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other
scanning modalities.
Radiologists
Diagnose and treat diseases and injuries using medical imaging
techniques, such as x rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear
medicine, and ultrasounds. May perform minimally invasive medical
procedures and tests.
Recreational Therapists
Plan, direct, or coordinate medically-approved recreation programs for
patients in hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutions.
Activities include sports, trips, dramatics, social activities, and
crafts. May assess a patient condition and recommend appropriate
recreational activity.
Registered Nurses
Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement
nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing
care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise
patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case
management. Licensing or registration required.
Respiratory Therapists
Assess, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders. Assume
primary responsibility for all respiratory care modalities, including
the supervision of respiratory therapy technicians. Initiate and
conduct therapeutic procedures; maintain patient records; and select,
assemble, check, and operate equipment.
Speech-Language Pathologists
Assess and treat persons with speech, language, voice, and fluency
disorders. May select alternative communication systems and teach
their use. May perform research related to speech and language problems.
Sports Medicine Physicians
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent injuries that occur during sporting
events, athletic training, and physical activities.
Surgeons, All Other
All surgeons not listed separately.
Surgical Assistants
Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in
accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close
surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices
or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or
cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site.
Surgical Technologists
Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons, registered
nurses, or other surgical personnel. May help set up operating room,
prepare and transport patients for surgery, adjust lights and
equipment, pass instruments and other supplies to surgeons and
surgeons' assistants, hold retractors, cut sutures, and help count
sponges, needles, supplies, and instruments.
Therapists, All Other
All therapists not listed separately.
Urologists
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent benign and malignant medical and
surgical disorders of the genitourinary system and the renal glands.
Veterinarians
Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals.
Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect
livestock, or care for pets and companion animals.
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the
treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and
serums for prevention of diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood
samples, and execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood
counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and maintain
equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery.
Healthcare Support
Dental Assistants
Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist.
Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization,
preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during
treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral
healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as
scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and
coding information for insurance purposes.
Endoscopy Technicians
Maintain a sterile field to provide support for physicians and nurses
during endoscopy procedures. Prepare and maintain instruments and
equipment. May obtain specimens.
Healthcare Support Workers, All Other
All healthcare support workers not listed separately.
Home Health Aides
Monitor the health status of an individual with disabilities or
illness, and address their health-related needs, such as changing
bandages, dressing wounds, or administering medication. Work is
performed under the direction of offsite or intermittent onsite
licensed nursing staff. Provide assistance with routine healthcare
tasks or activities of daily living, such as feeding, bathing,
toileting, or ambulation. May also help with tasks such as preparing
meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry depending on the
patient's abilities.
Massage Therapists
Perform therapeutic massages of soft tissues and joints. May assist in
the assessment of range of motion and muscle strength, or propose
client therapy plans.
Medical Assistants
Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction
of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling
appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding
information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking
and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients
for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as
directed by physician.
Medical Equipment Preparers
Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare
equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect
equipment.
Medical Transcriptionists
Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare
practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office
visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations,
chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and
translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as
necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for
review and signature, or correction.
Nursing Assistants
Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of
onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of
health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or
ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include
medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes
nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants.
Occupational Therapy Aides
Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational
therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks
in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and
treatment room.
Occupational Therapy Assistants
Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational therapy
treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist
in development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, direct
activity programs, and document the progress of treatments. Generally
requires formal training.
Orderlies
Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms
using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks
of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies
are included in Psychiatric Aides.
Personal Care Aides
Provide personalized assistance to individuals with disabilities or
illness who require help with personal care and activities of daily
living support (e.g., feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting,
and ambulation). May also provide help with tasks such as preparing
meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry. Work is performed
in various settings depending on the needs of the care recipient and
may include locations such as their home, place of work, out in the
community, or at a daytime nonresidential facility.
Pharmacy Aides
Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise,
and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register
and accept prescriptions for filling.
Phlebotomists
Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May
explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of
patients with adverse reactions.
Physical Therapist Aides
Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy
assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in
specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and
the treatment area.
Physical Therapist Assistants
Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments
and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in the
development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, document
the progress of treatment, and modify specific treatments in
accordance with patient status and within the scope of treatment plans
established by a physical therapist. Generally requires formal training.
Psychiatric Aides
Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working
under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily
living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational
activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and
treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.
Speech-Language Pathology Assistants
Assist speech-language pathologists in the assessment and treatment of
speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. Implement speech and
language programs or activities as planned and directed by
speech-language pathologists. Monitor the use of alternative
communication devices and systems.
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm animals for signs of
illness, disease, or injury in laboratories and animal hospitals and
clinics. Clean and disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilize
laboratory and surgical equipment. May provide routine postoperative
care, administer medication orally or topically, or prepare samples
for laboratory examination under the supervision of veterinary or
laboratory animal technologists or technicians, veterinarians, or
scientists.
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul aircraft engines and assemblies,
such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers
Install, repair, or adjust audio or television receivers, stereo
systems, camcorders, video systems, or other electronic entertainment
equipment in homes or other venues. May perform routine maintenance.
Automotive Body and Related Repairers
Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames.
Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers
Replace or repair broken windshields and window glass in motor vehicles.
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotive vehicles.
Avionics Technicians
Install, inspect, test, adjust, or repair avionics equipment, such as
radar, radio, navigation, and missile control systems in aircraft or
space vehicles.
Bicycle Repairers
Repair and service bicycles.
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul buses and trucks, or maintain
and repair any type of diesel engines. Includes mechanics working
primarily with automobile or marine diesel engines.
Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers
Repair and adjust cameras and photographic equipment, including
commercial video and motion picture camera equipment.
Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers
Install, service, adjust, or repair coin, vending, or amusement
machines including video games, juke boxes, pinball machines, or slot
machines.
Commercial Divers
Work below surface of water, using surface-supplied air or scuba
equipment to inspect, repair, remove, or install equipment and
structures. May use a variety of power and hand tools, such as drills,
sledgehammers, torches, and welding equipment. May conduct tests or
experiments, rig explosives, or photograph structures or marine life.
Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers
Repair, maintain, or install computers, word processing systems,
automated teller machines, and electronic office machines, such as
duplicating and fax machines.
Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling
devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety
and flow valves, and other mechanical governors.
Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers
Repair, maintain, or install electric motors, wiring, or switches.
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or
distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy duty
transmission towers.
Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment
Install, adjust, or maintain mobile electronics communication
equipment, including sound, sonar, security, navigation, and
surveillance systems on trains, watercraft, or other mobile equipment.
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment
Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as
industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas.
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay
Inspect, test, repair, or maintain electrical equipment in generating
stations, substations, and in-service relays.
Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles
Install, diagnose, or repair communications, sound, security, or
navigation equipment in motor vehicles.
Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul farm machinery and vehicles,
such as tractors, harvesters, dairy equipment, and irrigation systems.
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics,
installers, and repairers. May also advise customers on recommended
services. Excludes team or work leaders.
Geothermal Technicians
Perform technical activities at power plants or individual
installations necessary for the generation of power from geothermal
energy sources. Monitor and control operating activities at geothermal
power generation facilities and perform maintenance and repairs as
necessary. Install, test, and maintain residential and commercial
geothermal heat pumps.
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, HVAC, or
refrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air furnaces, and
heating stoves.
Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
Help installation, maintenance, and repair workers in maintenance,
parts replacement, and repair of vehicles, industrial machinery, and
electrical and electronic equipment. Perform duties such as furnishing
tools, materials, and supplies to other workers; cleaning work area,
machines, and tools; and holding materials or tools for other workers.
Home Appliance Repairers
Repair, adjust, or install all types of electric or gas household
appliances, such as refrigerators, washers, dryers, and ovens.
Industrial Machinery Mechanics
Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and
processing machinery or refinery and pipeline distribution systems.
May also install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment
according to plans.
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other
All installation, maintenance, and repair workers not listed separately.
Locksmiths and Safe Repairers
Repair and open locks, make keys, change locks and safe combinations,
and install and repair safes.
Maintenance Workers, Machinery
Lubricate machinery, change parts, or perform other routine machinery
maintenance.
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft
occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure
of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC
maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing
electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and
balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.
Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers
Move or install mobile homes or prefabricated buildings.
Mechanical Door Repairers
Install, service, or repair automatic door mechanisms and hydraulic
doors. Includes garage door mechanics.
Medical Equipment Repairers
Test, adjust, or repair biomedical or electromedical equipment.
Millwrights
Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to
layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings.
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic,
and pneumatic equipment, such as cranes, bulldozers, graders, and
conveyors, used in construction, logging, and mining.
Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians
Repair and adjust electrical and mechanical equipment of inboard or
inboard-outboard boat engines.
Motorcycle Mechanics
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul motorcycles, scooters, mopeds,
dirt bikes, or similar motorized vehicles.
Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners
Repair percussion, stringed, reed, or wind instruments. May specialize
in one area, such as piano tuning.
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul small engines used to power lawn
mowers, chain saws, recreational sporting equipment, and related equipment.
Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other
All precision instrument and equipment repairers not listed separately.
Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers
Repair, install, or maintain mobile or stationary radio transmitting,
broadcasting, and receiving equipment, and two-way radio
communications systems used in cellular telecommunications, mobile
broadband, ship-to-shore, aircraft-to-ground communications, and radio
equipment in service and emergency vehicles. May test and analyze
network coverage.
Rail Car Repairers
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul railroad rolling stock, mine
cars, or mass transit rail cars.
Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians
Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaul recreational vehicles
including travel trailers. May specialize in maintaining gas,
electrical, hydraulic, plumbing, or chassis/towing systems as well as
repairing generators, appliances, and interior components. Includes
workers who perform customized van conversions.
Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers,
converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.
Riggers
Set up or repair rigging for construction projects, manufacturing
plants, logging yards, ships and shipyards, or for the entertainment
industry.
Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
Install, program, maintain, and repair security and fire alarm wiring
and equipment. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes.
Signal and Track Switch Repairers
Install, inspect, test, maintain, or repair electric gate crossings,
signals, signal equipment, track switches, section lines, or
intercommunications systems within a railroad system.
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers
Install, set up, rearrange, or remove switching, distribution,
routing, and dialing equipment used in central offices or headends.
Service or repair telephone, cable television, Internet, and other
communications equipment on customers' property. May install
communications equipment or communications wiring in buildings.
Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers
Install and repair telecommunications cable, including fiber optics.
Tire Repairers and Changers
Repair and replace tires.
Watch and Clock Repairers
Repair, clean, and adjust mechanisms of timing instruments, such as
watches and clocks. Includes watchmakers, watch technicians, and
mechanical timepiece repairers.
Wind Turbine Service Technicians
Inspect, diagnose, adjust, or repair wind turbines. Perform
maintenance on wind turbine equipment including resolving electrical,
mechanical, and hydraulic malfunctions.
Legal
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning
government programs or other government-related matters. Determine
liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or
rejection of claims or settlements.
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators
Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue.
Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of
parties involved.
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of
law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government
statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of
defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
Judicial Law Clerks
Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal
documents.
Lawyers
Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal
proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on
legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice
broadly in many areas of law.
Legal Support Workers, All Other
All legal support workers not listed separately.
Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or
researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal
proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.
Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent
legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May
compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments
pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law
firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.
Life, Physical, and Social Science
Agricultural Technicians
Work with agricultural scientists in plant, fiber, and animal
research, or assist with animal breeding and nutrition. Set up or
maintain laboratory equipment and collect samples from crops or
animals. Prepare specimens or record data to assist scientists in
biology or related life science experiments. Conduct tests and
experiments to improve yield and quality of crops or to increase the
resistance of plants and animals to disease or insects.
Animal Scientists
Conduct research in the genetics, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and
development of domestic farm animals.
Anthropologists and Archeologists
Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study
the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in
various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and
examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining
from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs,
and living habits of earlier civilizations.
Astronomers
Observe, research, and interpret astronomical phenomena to increase
basic knowledge or apply such information to practical problems.
Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Investigate atmospheric phenomena and interpret meteorological data,
gathered by surface and air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare
reports and forecasts for public and other uses. Includes weather
analysts and forecasters whose functions require the detailed
knowledge of meteorology.
Biochemists and Biophysicists
Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells
and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related
phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the
complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism,
reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of
foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and
vital processes of living organisms.
Bioinformatics Scientists
Conduct research using bioinformatics theory and methods in areas such
as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational
biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical
informatics. May design databases and develop algorithms for
processing and analyzing genomic information, or other biological
information.
Biological Scientists, All Other
All biological scientists not listed separately.
Biological Technicians
Assist biological and medical scientists. Set up, operate, and
maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments,
collect data and samples, make observations, and calculate and record
results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs.
Biologists
Research or study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as
origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and functions.
Chemical Technicians
Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in
making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and
gaseous materials for research and development of new products or
processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards,
and other work involving experimental, theoretical, or practical
application of chemistry and related sciences.
Chemists
Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments
in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new
products or knowledge.
Climate Change Policy Analysts
Research and analyze policy developments related to climate change.
Make climate-related recommendations for actions such as legislation,
awareness campaigns, or fundraising approaches.
Clinical Neuropsychologists
Assess and diagnose patients with neurobehavioral problems related to
acquired or developmental disorders of the nervous system, such as
neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, seizure
disorders, and learning disabilities. Recommend treatment after
diagnosis, such as therapy, medication, or surgery. Assist with
evaluation before and after neurosurgical procedures, such as deep
brain stimulation.
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists
Assess, diagnose, and treat mental and emotional disorders of
individuals through observation, interview, and psychological tests.
Help individuals with distress or maladjustment understand their
problems through their knowledge of case history, interviews with
patients, and theory. Provide individual or group counseling services
to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social,
educational, and vocational development and adjustment. May design
behavior modification programs and consult with medical personnel
regarding the best treatment for patients.
Conservation Scientists
Manage, improve, and protect natural resources to maximize their use
without damaging the environment. May conduct soil surveys and develop
plans to eliminate soil erosion or to protect rangelands. May instruct
farmers, agricultural production managers, or ranchers in best ways to
use crop rotation, contour plowing, or terracing to conserve soil and
water; in the number and kind of livestock and forage plants best
suited to particular ranges; and in range and farm improvements, such
as fencing and reservoirs for stock watering.
Economists
Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address
economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods
and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process
economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and
econometric methods.
Environmental Economists
Conduct economic analysis related to environmental protection and use
of the natural environment, such as water, air, land, and renewable
energy resources. Evaluate and quantify benefits, costs, incentives,
and impacts of alternative options using economic principles and
statistical techniques.
Environmental Restoration Planners
Collaborate with field and biology staff to oversee the implementation
of restoration projects and to develop new products. Process and
synthesize complex scientific data into practical strategies for
restoration, monitoring or management.
Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and
investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health,
under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other
specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other
materials for testing.
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
Conduct research or perform investigation for the purpose of
identifying, abating, or eliminating sources of pollutants or hazards
that affect either the environment or public health. Using knowledge
of various scientific disciplines, may collect, synthesize, study,
report, and recommend action based on data derived from measurements
or observations of air, food, soil, water, and other sources.
Epidemiologists
Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease,
disability, or health outcomes. May develop the means for prevention
and control.
Food Science Technicians
Work with food scientists or technologists to perform standardized
qualitative and quantitative tests to determine physical or chemical
properties of food or beverage products. Includes technicians who
assist in research and development of production technology, quality
control, packaging, processing, and use of foods.
Food Scientists and Technologists
Use chemistry, microbiology, engineering, and other sciences to study
the principles underlying the processing and deterioration of foods;
analyze food content to determine levels of vitamins, fat, sugar, and
protein; discover new food sources; research ways to make processed
foods safe, palatable, and healthful; and apply food science knowledge
to determine best ways to process, package, preserve, store, and
distribute food.
Forensic Science Technicians
Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to
criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such
as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation.
May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory
techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as
ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry.
Forest and Conservation Technicians
Provide technical assistance regarding the conservation of soil,
water, forests, or related natural resources. May compile data
pertaining to size, content, condition, and other characteristics of
forest tracts under the direction of foresters, or train and lead
forest workers in forest propagation and fire prevention and
suppression. May assist conservation scientists in managing,
improving, and protecting rangelands and wildlife habitats.
Foresters
Manage public and private forested lands for economic, recreational,
and conservation purposes. May inventory the type, amount, and
location of standing timber, appraise the timber's worth, negotiate
the purchase, and draw up contracts for procurement. May determine how
to conserve wildlife habitats, creek beds, water quality, and soil
stability, and how best to comply with environmental regulations. May
devise plans for planting and growing new trees, monitor trees for
healthy growth, and determine optimal harvesting schedules.
Geneticists
Research and study the inheritance of traits at the molecular,
organism or population level. May evaluate or treat patients with
genetic disorders.
Geographers
Study the nature and use of areas of the Earth's surface, relating and
interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct
research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms,
climates, soils, plants, and animals, and conduct research on the
spatial implications of human activities within a given area,
including social characteristics, economic activities, and political
organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions
at scales ranging from local to global.
Assist scientists or engineers in the use of electronic, sonic, or
nuclear measuring instruments in laboratory, exploration, and
production activities to obtain data indicating resources such as
metallic ore, minerals, gas, coal, or petroleum. Analyze mud and drill
cuttings. Chart pressure, temperature, and other characteristics of
wells or bore holes.
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the
Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in
exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste
disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study
the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its
magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes
mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and
seismologists.
Historians
Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as recorded in
sources, such as government and institutional records, newspapers and
other periodicals, photographs, interviews, films, electronic media,
and unpublished manuscripts, such as personal diaries and letters.
Hydrologic Technicians
Collect and organize data concerning the distribution and circulation
of ground and surface water, and data on its physical, chemical, and
biological properties. Measure and report on flow rates and ground
water levels, maintain field equipment, collect water samples, install
and collect sampling equipment, and process samples for shipment to
testing laboratories. May collect data on behalf of hydrologists,
engineers, developers, government agencies, or agriculture.
Hydrologists
Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of
underground and surface waters; and study the form and intensity of
precipitation and its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement
through the earth, and return to the ocean and atmosphere.
Industrial Ecologists
Apply principles and processes of natural ecosystems to develop models
for efficient industrial systems. Use knowledge from the physical and
social sciences to maximize effective use of natural resources in the
production and use of goods and services. Examine societal issues and
their relationship with both technical systems and the environment.
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
Apply principles of psychology to human resources, administration,
management, sales, and marketing problems. Activities may include
policy planning; employee testing and selection, training, and
development; and organizational development and analysis. May work
with management to organize the work setting to improve worker productivity.
Life Scientists, All Other
All life scientists not listed separately.
Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other
All life, physical, and social science technicians not listed separately.
Materials Scientists
Research and study the structures and chemical properties of various
natural and synthetic or composite materials, including metals,
alloys, rubber, ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, and glass.
Determine ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new
materials with new or specific properties for use in a variety of
products and applications. Includes glass scientists, ceramic
scientists, metallurgical scientists, and polymer scientists.
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and
the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation,
research and development, or other related activities.
Microbiologists
Investigate the growth, structure, development, and other
characteristics of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, or
fungi. Includes medical microbiologists who study the relationship
between organisms and disease or the effects of antibiotics on
microorganisms.
Molecular and Cellular Biologists
Research and study cellular molecules and organelles to understand
cell function and organization.
Neuropsychologists
Apply theories and principles of neuropsychology to evaluate and
diagnose disorders of higher cerebral functioning, often in research
and medical settings. Study the human brain and the effect of
physiological states on human cognition and behavior. May formulate
and administer programs of treatment.
Nuclear Monitoring Technicians
Collect and test samples to monitor results of nuclear experiments and
contamination of humans, facilities, and environment.
Nuclear Technicians
Assist nuclear physicists, nuclear engineers, or other scientists in
laboratory, power generation, or electricity production activities.
May operate, maintain, or provide quality control for nuclear testing
and research equipment. May monitor radiation.
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs
and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury
caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic
factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and
regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be
employed in the public or private sector.
Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
Collect data on work environments for analysis by occupational health
and safety specialists. Implement and conduct evaluation of programs
designed to limit chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic risks
to workers.
Park Naturalists
Plan, develop, and conduct programs to inform public of historical,
natural, and scientific features of national, state, or local park.
Physical Scientists, All Other
All physical scientists not listed separately.
Physicists
Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the
basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply
physical laws and theories.
Political Scientists
Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. May
study topics, such as public opinion, political decisionmaking, and
ideology. May analyze the structure and operation of governments, as
well as various political entities. May conduct public opinion
surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents.
Precision Agriculture Technicians
Apply geospatial technologies, including geographic information
systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS), to agricultural
production or management activities, such as pest scouting,
site-specific pesticide application, yield mapping, or variable-rate
irrigation. May use computers to develop or analyze maps or remote
sensing images to compare physical topography with data on soils,
fertilizer, pests, or weather.
Psychologists, All Other
All psychologists not listed separately.
Quality Control Analysts
Conduct tests to determine quality of raw materials, bulk intermediate
and finished products. May conduct stability sample tests.
Range Managers
Research or study range land management practices to provide sustained
production of forage, livestock, and wildlife.
Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists
Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve
problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning,
or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical
techniques, or new applications for existing systems.
Remote Sensing Technicians
Apply remote sensing technologies to assist scientists in areas such
as natural resources, urban planning, or homeland security. May
prepare flight plans or sensor configurations for flight trips.
School Psychologists
Diagnose and implement individual or schoolwide interventions or
strategies to address educational, behavioral, or developmental issues
that adversely impact educational functioning in a school. May address
student learning and behavioral problems and counsel students or
families. May design and implement performance plans, and evaluate
performance. May consult with other school-based personnel.
Social Science Research Assistants
Assist social scientists in laboratory, survey, and other social
science research. May help prepare findings for publication and assist
in laboratory analysis, quality control, or data management.
Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
All social scientists and related workers not listed separately.
Sociologists
Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and
social institutions that people form, as well as various social,
religious, political, and business organizations. May study the
behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and
analyze the influence of group activities on individual members.
Soil and Plant Scientists
Conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and
management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and
nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests; or study
the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of
soils as they relate to plant or crop growth. May classify and map
soils and investigate effects of alternative practices on soil and
crop productivity.
Survey Researchers
Plan, develop, or conduct surveys. May analyze and interpret the
meaning of survey data, determine survey objectives, or suggest or
test question wording. Includes social scientists who primarily design
questionnaires or supervise survey teams.
Transportation Planners
Prepare studies for proposed transportation projects. Gather, compile,
and analyze data. Study the use and operation of transportation
systems. Develop transportation models or simulations.
Urban and Regional Planners
Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical
facilities of jurisdictions, such as towns, cities, counties, and
metropolitan areas.
Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Study the origins, behavior, diseases, genetics, and life processes of
animals and wildlife. May specialize in wildlife research and
management. May collect and analyze biological data to determine the
environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water
habitats.
Management
Administrative Services Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an
organization, such as records and information management, mail
distribution, and other office support services.
Advertising and Promotions Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate advertising policies and programs or
produce collateral materials, such as posters, contests, coupons, or
giveaways, to create extra interest in the purchase of a product or
service for a department, an entire organization, or on an account basis.
Architectural and Engineering Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture
and engineering or research and development in these fields.
Biofuels Production Managers
Manage biofuels production and plant operations. Collect and process
information on plant production and performance, diagnose problems,
and design corrective procedures.
Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers
Define, plan, or execute biofuels/biodiesel research programs that
evaluate alternative feedstock and process technologies with near-term
commercial potential.
Biomass Power Plant Managers
Manage operations at biomass power generation facilities. Direct work
activities at plant, including supervision of operations and
maintenance staff.
Brownfield Redevelopment Specialists and Site Managers
Plan and direct cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated properties
for reuse. Does not include properties sufficiently contaminated to
qualify as Superfund sites.
Chief Executives
Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of
companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines
set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan,
direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of
management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
Chief Sustainability Officers
Communicate and coordinate with management, shareholders, customers,
and employees to address sustainability issues. Enact or oversee a
corporate sustainability strategy.
Clinical Research Coordinators
Plan, direct, or coordinate clinical research projects. Direct the
activities of workers engaged in clinical research projects to ensure
compliance with protocols and overall clinical objectives. May
evaluate and analyze clinical data.
Compensation and Benefits Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate compensation and benefits activities of an
organization.
Compliance Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization to ensure
compliance with ethical or regulatory standards.
Computer and Information Systems Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic
data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer
programming.
Construction Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate, usually through subordinate supervisory
personnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance
of structures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual
development of a construction project and oversee its organization,
scheduling, budgeting, and implementation. Includes managers in
specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing.
Education Administrators, All Other
All education administrators not listed separately.
Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary
Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, administrative, or auxiliary
activities of kindergarten, elementary, or secondary schools.
Education Administrators, Postsecondary
Plan, direct, or coordinate student instruction, administration, and
services, as well as other research and educational activities, at
postsecondary institutions, including universities, colleges, and
junior and community colleges.
Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare
Plan, direct, or coordinate academic or nonacademic activities of
preschools or childcare centers and programs, including before- and
after-school care.
Emergency Management Directors
Plan and direct disaster response or crisis management activities,
provide disaster preparedness training, and prepare emergency plans
and procedures for natural (e.g., hurricanes, floods, earthquakes),
wartime, or technological (e.g., nuclear power plant emergencies or
hazardous materials spills) disasters or hostage situations.
Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling
Plan, direct, or coordinate entertainment and recreational activities
and operations of a recreational facility, including cruise ships and parks.
Facilities Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of
facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple
facilities of an organization's campus.
Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms,
ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber
tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and
supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the
day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or
supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and
marketing activities.
Financial Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance,
securities, and other financial activities of a branch, office, or
department of an establishment.
Fitness and Wellness Coordinators
Manage or coordinate fitness and wellness programs and services.
Manage and train staff of wellness specialists, health educators, or
fitness instructors.
Food Service Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or
department that serves food and beverages.
Fundraising Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities to solicit and maintain funds
for special projects or nonprofit organizations.
Funeral Home Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the services or resources of funeral
homes. Includes activities such as determining prices for services or
merchandise and managing the facilities of funeral homes.
Gambling Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate gambling operations in a casino. May
formulate house rules.
General and Operations Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector
organizations, overseeing multiple departments or locations. Duties
and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily
operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but
are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one
functional area of management or administration, such as personnel,
purchasing, or administrative services. Usually manage through
subordinate supervisors. Excludes First-Line Supervisors.
Geothermal Production Managers
Manage operations at geothermal power generation facilities. Maintain
and monitor geothermal plant equipment for efficient and safe plant
operations.
Human Resources Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate human resources activities and staff of an
organization.
Hydroelectric Production Managers
Manage operations at hydroelectric power generation facilities.
Maintain and monitor hydroelectric plant equipment for efficient and
safe plant operations.
Industrial Production Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources
necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality,
and quantity specifications.
Investment Fund Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate investment strategy or operations for a
large pool of liquid assets supplied by institutional investors or
individual investors.
Legislators
Develop, introduce, or enact laws and statutes at the local, tribal,
state, or federal level. Includes only workers in elected positions.
Lodging Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or
department that provides lodging and other accommodations.
Loss Prevention Managers
Plan and direct policies, procedures, or systems to prevent the loss
of assets. Determine risk exposure or potential liability, and develop
risk control measures.
Managers, All Other
All managers not listed separately.
Marketing Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as
determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and
its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing
strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of
the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee
product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new
products and services.
Medical and Health Services Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals,
clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or
similar organizations.
Natural Sciences Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life
sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and
development in these fields.
Personal Service Managers, All Other
All personal service managers not listed separately.
Postmasters and Mail Superintendents
Plan, direct, or coordinate operational, administrative, management,
and support services of a U.S. post office; or coordinate activities
of workers engaged in postal and related work in assigned post office.
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the selling, buying, leasing, or
governance activities of commercial, industrial, or residential real
estate properties. Includes managers of homeowner and condominium
associations, rented or leased housing units, buildings, or land
(including rights-of-way).
Public Relations Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities designed to create or maintain
a favorable public image or raise issue awareness for their
organization or client.
Purchasing Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of buyers, purchasing
officers, and related workers involved in purchasing materials,
products, and services. Includes wholesale or retail trade
merchandising managers and procurement managers.
Quality Control Systems Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate quality assurance programs. Formulate
quality control policies and control quality of laboratory and
production efforts.
Regulatory Affairs Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate production activities of an organization
to ensure compliance with regulations and standard operating procedures.
Sales Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the actual distribution or movement of a
product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by
establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish
training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics
gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory
requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.
Security Managers
Direct an organization's security functions, including physical
security and safety of employees and facilities.
Social and Community Service Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program
or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or
organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement,
program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social
workers, counselors, or probation officers.
Spa Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of a spa facility. Coordinate
programs, schedule and direct staff, and oversee financial activities.
Supply Chain Managers
Direct or coordinate production, purchasing, warehousing,
distribution, or financial forecasting services or activities to limit
costs and improve accuracy, customer service, or safety. Examine
existing procedures or opportunities for streamlining activities to
meet product distribution needs. Direct the movement, storage, or
processing of inventory.
Training and Development Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development activities
and staff of an organization.
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution
activities in accordance with organizational policies and applicable
government laws or regulations. Includes logistics managers.
Treasurers and Controllers
Direct financial activities, such as planning, procurement, and
investments for all or part of an organization.
Water Resource Specialists
Design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource
issues such as supply, quality, and regulatory compliance issues.
Wind Energy Development Managers
Lead or manage the development and evaluation of potential wind energy
business opportunities, including environmental studies, permitting,
and proposals. May also manage construction of projects.
Wind Energy Operations Managers
Manage wind field operations, including personnel, maintenance
activities, financial activities, and planning.
Office and Administrative Support
Bill and Account Collectors
Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone,
or personal visit to solicit payment. Duties include receiving payment
and posting amount to customer's account, preparing statements to
credit department if customer fails to respond, initiating
repossession proceedings or service disconnection, and keeping records
of collection and status of accounts.
Billing and Posting Clerks
Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and
other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices
for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records
complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and
verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in
maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of
figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business
transactions recorded by other workers.
Brokerage Clerks
Perform duties related to the purchase, sale, or holding of
securities. Duties include writing orders for stock purchases or
sales, computing transfer taxes, verifying stock transactions,
accepting and delivering securities, tracking stock price
fluctuations, computing equity, distributing dividends, and keeping
records of daily transactions and holdings.
Cargo and Freight Agents
Expedite and route movement of incoming and outgoing cargo and freight
shipments in airline, train, and trucking terminals and shipping
docks. Take orders from customers and arrange pickup of freight and
cargo for delivery to loading platform. Prepare and examine bills of
lading to determine shipping charges and tariffs.
Communications Equipment Operators, All Other
All communications equipment operators not listed separately.
Correspondence Clerks
Compose letters or electronic correspondence in reply to requests for
merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent
accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may
include gathering data to formulate reply and preparing correspondence.
Couriers and Messengers
Pick up and deliver messages, documents, packages, and other items
between offices or departments within an establishment or directly to
other business concerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle,
automobile, or public conveyance.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or
governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of
cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare
draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official
correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or
permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks
Authorize credit charges against customers' accounts. Investigate
history and credit standing of individuals or business establishments
applying for credit. May interview applicants to obtain personal and
financial data, determine credit worthiness, process applications, and
notify customers of acceptance or rejection of credit.
Customer Service Representatives
Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in
response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle
and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are
primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support.
Data Entry Keyers
Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing
perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials
for printing.
Desktop Publishers
Format typescript and graphic elements using computer software to
produce publication-ready material.
Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance
Schedule and dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service
vehicles for conveyance of materials, freight, or passengers, or for
normal installation, service, or emergency repairs rendered outside
the place of business. Duties may include using radio, telephone, or
computer to transmit assignments and compiling statistics and reports
on work progress.
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from
government programs and agency resources, such as welfare,
unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing.
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research,
preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as
well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing
correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and
scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical
staff.
File Clerks
File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in
alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system
used. Locate and remove material from file when requested.
Financial Clerks, All Other
All financial clerks not listed separately.
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and
administrative support workers.
Freight Forwarders
Research rates, routings, or modes of transport for shipment of
products. Maintain awareness of regulations affecting the
international movement of cargo. Make arrangements for additional
services, such as storage or inland transportation.
Gambling Cage Workers
In a gambling establishment, conduct financial transactions for
patrons. Accept patron's credit application and verify credit
references to provide check-cashing authorization or to establish
house credit accounts. May reconcile daily summaries of transactions
to balance books. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to
patrons, or to other workers for resale to patrons. May convert
gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon patron's request.
May use a cash register or computer to record transaction.
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks
Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and
assigning rooms to guests, issuing room keys or cards, transmitting
and receiving messages, keeping records of occupied rooms and guests'
accounts, making and confirming reservations, and presenting
statements to and collecting payments from departing guests.
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee,
such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or
production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for
termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file
employment records, or search employee files and furnish information
to authorized persons.
Information and Record Clerks, All Other
All information and record clerks not listed separately.
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks
Process new insurance policies, modifications to existing policies,
and claims forms. Obtain information from policyholders to verify the
accuracy and completeness of information on claims forms, applications
and related documents, and company records. Update existing policies
and company records to reflect changes requested by policyholders and
insurance company representatives.
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan
Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for
the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask
specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing
form. May sort, classify, and file forms.
Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and
documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses,
complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.
Library Assistants, Clerical
Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library
materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and
microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in
shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and
title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals,
and other library materials.
Loan Interviewers and Clerks
Interview loan applicants to elicit information; investigate
applicants' backgrounds and verify references; prepare loan request
papers; and forward findings, reports, and documents to appraisal
department. Review loan papers to ensure completeness, and complete
transactions between loan establishment, borrowers, and sellers upon
approval of loan.
Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service
Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open,
read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold,
stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also
include keeping necessary records and completed forms.
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical
terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may
include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and
recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
Meter Readers, Utilities
Read meter and record consumption of electricity, gas, water, or steam.
New Accounts Clerks
Interview persons desiring to open accounts in financial institutions.
Explain account services available to prospective customers and assist
them in preparing applications.
Office Clerks, General
Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific
office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and
procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the
office procedures of individual establishments and may include a
combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word
processing, office machine operation, and filing.
Office Machine Operators, Except Computer
Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as
photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office
machines.
Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other
All office and administrative support workers not listed separately.
Order Clerks
Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise,
classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental
of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or
other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt,
prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling
complaints.
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute
employees' time worked, production, and commission. May compute and
post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks.
Postal Service Clerks
Perform any combination of tasks in a United States Postal Service
(USPS) post office, such as receive letters and parcels; sell postage
and revenue stamps, postal cards, and stamped envelopes; fill out and
sell money orders; place mail in pigeon holes of mail rack or in bags;
and examine mail for correct postage. Includes postal service clerks
employed by USPS contractors.
Postal Service Mail Carriers
Sort and deliver mail for the United States Postal Service (USPS).
Deliver mail on established route by vehicle or on foot. Includes
postal service mail carriers employed by USPS contractors.
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators
Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution for the United
States Postal Service (USPS). Examine, sort, and route mail. Load,
operate, and occasionally adjust and repair mail processing, sorting,
and canceling machinery. Keep records of shipments, pouches, and
sacks, and perform other duties related to mail handling within the
postal service. Includes postal service mail sorters and processors
employed by USPS contractors.
Procurement Clerks
Compile information and records to draw up purchase orders for
procurement of materials and services.
Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
Coordinate and expedite the flow of work and materials within or
between departments of an establishment according to production
schedule. Duties include reviewing and distributing production, work,
and shipment schedules; conferring with department supervisors to
determine progress of work and completion dates; and compiling reports
on progress of work, inventory levels, costs, and production problems.
Proofreaders and Copy Markers
Read transcript or proof type setup to detect and mark for correction
any grammatical, typographical, or compositional errors. Excludes
workers whose primary duty is editing copy. Includes proofreaders of
braille.
Public Safety Telecommunicators
Operate telephone, radio, or other communication systems to receive
and communicate requests for emergency assistance at 9-1-1 public
safety answering points and emergency operations centers. Take
information from the public and other sources regarding crimes,
threats, disturbances, acts of terrorism, fires, medical emergencies,
and other public safety matters. May coordinate and provide
information to law enforcement and emergency response personnel. May
access sensitive databases and other information sources as needed.
May provide additional instructions to callers based on knowledge of
and certification in law enforcement, fire, or emergency medical procedures.
Receptionists and Information Clerks
Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public,
customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities
conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and
employees within the organization.
Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks
Make and confirm reservations for transportation or lodging, or sell
transportation tickets. May check baggage and direct passengers to
designated concourse, pier, or track; deliver tickets and contact
individuals and groups to inform them of package tours; or provide
tourists with travel or transportation information.
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting
correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining
paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.
Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks
Verify and maintain records on incoming and outgoing shipments
involving inventory. Duties include verifying and recording incoming
merchandise or material and arranging for the transportation of
products. May prepare items for shipment.
Statistical Assistants
Compile and compute data according to statistical formulas for use in
statistical studies. May perform actuarial computations and compile
charts and graphs for use by actuaries. Includes actuarial clerks.
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
Operate telephone business systems equipment or switchboards to relay
incoming, outgoing, and interoffice calls. May supply information to
callers and record messages.
Telephone Operators
Provide information by accessing alphabetical, geographical, or other
directories. Assist customers with special billing requests, such as
charges to a third party and credits or refunds for incorrectly dialed
numbers or bad connections. May handle emergency calls and assist
children or people with physical disabilities to make telephone calls.
Tellers
Receive and pay out money. Keep records of money and negotiable
instruments involved in a financial institution's various transactions.
Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping
Weigh, measure, and check materials, supplies, and equipment for the
purpose of keeping relevant records. Duties are primarily clerical by
nature. Includes workers who collect and keep record of samples of
products or materials.
Word Processors and Typists
Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports,
forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice
recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned.
Personal Care and Service
Amusement and Recreation Attendants
Perform a variety of attending duties at amusement or recreation
facility. May schedule use of recreation facilities, maintain and
provide equipment to participants of sporting events or recreational
pursuits, or operate amusement concessions and rides.
Animal Caretakers
Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, or otherwise provide care to
promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals that are
not raised for consumption, such as dogs, cats, race horses,
ornamental fish or birds, zoo animals, and mice. Work in settings such
as kennels, animal shelters, zoos, circuses, and aquariums. May keep
records of feedings, treatments, and animals received or discharged.
May clean, disinfect, and repair cages, pens, or fish tanks.
Animal Trainers
Train animals for riding, harness, security, performance, or
obedience, or for assisting persons with disabilities. Accustom
animals to human voice and contact, and condition animals to respond
to commands. Train animals according to prescribed standards for show
or competition. May train animals to carry pack loads or work as part
of pack team.
Baggage Porters and Bellhops
Handle baggage for travelers at transportation terminals or for guests
at hotels or similar establishments.
Barbers
Provide barbering services, such as cutting, trimming, shampooing, and
styling hair; trimming beards; or giving shaves.
Childcare Workers
Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and
childcare institutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such as dressing,
feeding, bathing, and overseeing play.
Concierges
Assist patrons at hotel, apartment, or office building with personal
services. May take messages; arrange or give advice on transportation,
business services, or entertainment; or monitor guest requests for
housekeeping and maintenance.
Costume Attendants
Select, fit, and take care of costumes for cast members, and aid
entertainers. May assist with multiple costume changes during performances.
Crematory Operators
Operate crematory equipment to reduce human or animal remains to bone
fragments in accordance with state and local regulations. Duties may
include preparing the body for cremation and performing general
maintenance on crematory equipment. May use traditional flame-based
cremation, calcination, or alkaline hydrolysis.
Embalmers
Prepare bodies for interment in conformity with legal requirements.
Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers, All Other
All entertainment attendants and related workers not listed separately.
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise activities for the
primary purpose of personal fitness. Demonstrate techniques and form,
observe participants, and explain to them corrective measures
necessary to improve their skills. Develop and implement
individualized approaches to exercise.
First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of entertainment and
recreation related workers.
First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers in assigned
gambling areas. May circulate among tables, observe operations, and
ensure that stations and games are covered for each shift. May verify
and pay off jackpots. May reset slot machines after payoffs and make
repairs or adjustments to slot machines or recommend removal of slot
machines for repair. May plan and organize activities and services for
guests in hotels/casinos.
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers
Supervise and coordinate activities of personal service workers.
Funeral Attendants
Perform a variety of tasks during funeral, such as placing casket in
parlor or chapel prior to service, arranging floral offerings or
lights around casket, directing or escorting mourners, closing casket,
and issuing and storing funeral equipment.
Gambling Dealers
Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of
chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to
players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or
collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against
players' hands.
Gambling Service Workers, All Other
All gambling service workers not listed separately.
Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners
Post information enabling patrons to wager on various races and
sporting events. Assist in the operation of games such as keno and
bingo. May operate random number-generating equipment and announce the
numbers for patrons. Receive, verify, and record patrons' wagers. Scan
and process winning tickets presented by patrons and pay out winnings
for those wagers.
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists
Provide beauty services, such as cutting, coloring, and styling hair,
and massaging and treating scalp. May shampoo hair, apply makeup,
dress wigs, remove hair, and provide nail and skincare services.
Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants
Provide personal items to patrons or customers in locker rooms,
dressing rooms, or coatrooms.
Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance
Apply makeup to performers to reflect period, setting, and situation
of their role.
Manicurists and Pedicurists
Clean and shape customers' fingernails and toenails. May polish or
decorate nails.
Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers
Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral
services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary,
interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details,
selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for
religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners.
Motion Picture Projectionists
Set up and operate motion picture projection and related sound
reproduction equipment.
Nannies
Care for children in private households and provide support and
expertise to parents in satisfying children's physical, emotional,
intellectual, and social needs. Duties may include meal planning and
preparation, laundry and clothing care, organization of play
activities and outings, discipline, intellectual stimulation, language
activities, and transportation.
Personal Care and Service Workers, All Other
All personal care and service workers not listed separately.
Recreation Workers
Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or
volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote
activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics,
social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs
and interests of individual members.
Residential Advisors
Coordinate activities in resident facilities in secondary school and
college dormitories, group homes, or similar establishments. Order
supplies and determine need for maintenance, repairs, and furnishings.
May maintain household records and assign rooms. May assist residents
with problem solving or refer them to counseling resources.
Shampooers
Shampoo and rinse customers' hair.
Skincare Specialists
Provide skincare treatments to face and body to enhance an
individual's appearance. Includes electrologists and laser hair
removal specialists.
Tour Guides and Escorts
Escort individuals or groups on sightseeing tours or through places of
interest, such as industrial establishments, public buildings, and art
galleries.
Travel Guides
Plan, organize, and conduct long-distance travel, tours, and
expeditions for individuals and groups.
Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers
Assist patrons at entertainment events by performing duties, such as
collecting admission tickets and passes from patrons, assisting in
finding seats, searching for lost articles, and helping patrons locate
such facilities as restrooms and telephones.
Production
Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend bonding machines that use adhesives to join items for
further processing or to form a completed product. Processes include
joining veneer sheets into plywood; gluing paper; or joining rubber
and rubberized fabric parts, plastic, simulated leather, or other materials.
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
Assemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes, space vehicles,
or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers,
landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and
ventilating systems.
Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other
All assemblers and fabricators not listed separately.
Bakers
Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes,
pies, pastries, or other baked goods.
Biofuels Processing Technicians
Calculate, measure, load, mix, and process refined feedstock with
additives in fermentation or reaction process vessels and monitor
production process. Perform, and keep records of, plant maintenance,
repairs, and safety inspections.
Biomass Plant Technicians
Control and monitor biomass plant activities and perform maintenance
as needed.
Butchers and Meat Cutters
Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale
in retail establishments.
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
Cut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set up and operate a
variety of woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, and
mortisers to surface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts for
wood products.
Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend equipment to control chemical changes or reactions in
the processing of industrial or consumer products. Equipment used
includes devulcanizers, steam-jacketed kettles, and reactor vessels.
Chemical Plant and System Operators
Control or operate entire chemical processes or system of machines.
Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend machines to wash or clean products, such as barrels or
kegs, glass items, tin plate, food, pulp, coal, plastic, or rubber, to
remove impurities.
Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend spraying or rolling machines to coat or paint
any of a wide variety of products, including glassware, cloth,
ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lacquer, silver,
copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing
materials. Includes painters of transportation vehicles such as
painters in auto body repair facilities.
Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers
Wind wire coils used in electrical components, such as resistors and
transformers, and in electrical equipment and instruments, such as
field cores, bobbins, armature cores, electrical motors, generators,
and control equipment.
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators
Operate computer-controlled tools, machines, or robots to machine or
process parts, tools, or other work pieces made of metal, plastic,
wood, stone, or other materials. May also set up and maintain equipment.
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers
Develop programs to control machining or processing of materials by
automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. May also set up,
operate, or maintain equipment.
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend equipment such as cooling and freezing units,
refrigerators, batch freezers, and freezing tunnels, to cool or freeze
products, food, blood plasma, and chemicals.
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish
materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber.
Cutters and Trimmers, Hand
Use hand tools or hand-held power tools to cut and trim a variety of
manufactured items, such as carpet, fabric, stone, glass, or rubber.
Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as
glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material.
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch,
crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material.
Dental Laboratory Technicians
Construct and repair full or partial dentures or dental appliances.
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend drilling machines to drill, bore, ream, mill,
or countersink metal or plastic work pieces.
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers
Assemble or modify electrical or electronic equipment, such as
computers, test equipment telemetering systems, electric motors, and
batteries.
Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers
Assemble or modify electromechanical equipment or devices, such as
servomechanisms, gyros, dynamometers, magnetic drums, tape drives,
brakes, control linkage, actuators, and appliances.
Engine and Other Machine Assemblers
Construct, assemble, or rebuild machines, such as engines, turbines,
and similar equipment used in such industries as construction,
extraction, textiles, and paper manufacturing.
Etchers and Engravers
Engrave or etch metal, wood, rubber, or other materials. Includes such
workers as etcher-circuit processors, pantograph engravers, and silk
screen etchers.
Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend machines to extrude or draw thermoplastic or
metal materials into tubes, rods, hoses, wire, bars, or structural shapes.
Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers
Set up, operate, or tend machines that extrude and form continuous
filaments from synthetic materials, such as liquid polymer, rayon, and
fiberglass.
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines, such as glass-forming machines,
plodder machines, and tuber machines, to shape and form products such
as glassware, food, rubber, soap, brick, tile, clay, wax, tobacco, or
cosmetics.
Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers
Draw and construct sets of precision master fabric patterns or
layouts. May also mark and cut fabrics and apparel.
Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators
Laminate layers of fiberglass on molds to form boat decks and hulls,
bodies for golf carts, automobiles, or other products.
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of production and
operating workers, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine
setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system
operators. Excludes team or work leaders.
Food Batchmakers
Set up and operate equipment that mixes or blends ingredients used in
the manufacturing of food products. Includes candy makers and cheese makers.
Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend cooking equipment, such as steam cooking vats, deep
fry cookers, pressure cookers, kettles, and boilers, to prepare food
products.
Food Processing Workers, All Other
All food processing workers not listed separately.
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment,
including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum
drying equipment.
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend forging machines to taper, shape, or form
metal or plastic parts.
Foundry Mold and Coremakers
Make or form wax or sand cores or molds used in the production of
metal castings in foundries.
Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend heating equipment other than basic metal, plastic, or
food processing equipment. Includes activities such as annealing
glass, drying lumber, curing rubber, removing moisture from materials,
or boiling soap.
Furniture Finishers
Shape, finish, and refinish damaged, worn, or used furniture or new
high-grade furniture to specified color or finish.
Gas Plant Operators
Distribute or process gas for utility companies and others by
controlling compressors to maintain specified pressures on main pipelines.
Gem and Diamond Workers
Fabricate, finish, or evaluate the quality of gems and diamonds used
in jewelry or industrial tools.
Glass Blowers, Molders, Benders, and Finishers
Shape molten glass according to patterns.
Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand
Grind, sand, or polish, using hand tools or hand-held power tools, a
variety of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastic, or glass objects.
Includes chippers, buffers, and finishers.
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend grinding and related tools that remove excess
material or burrs from surfaces, sharpen edges or corners, or buff,
hone, or polish metal or plastic work pieces.
Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such as heat-treating
furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits,
or vacuum equipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or
plastic objects.
Helpers--Production Workers
Help production workers by performing duties requiring less skill.
Duties include supplying or holding materials or tools, and cleaning
work area and equipment.
Hydroelectric Plant Technicians
Monitor and control activities associated with hydropower generation.
Operate plant equipment, such as turbines, pumps, valves, gates, fans,
electric control boards, and battery banks. Monitor equipment
operation and performance and make necessary adjustments to ensure
optimal performance. Perform equipment maintenance and repair as necessary.
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers
Inspect, test, sort, sample, or weigh nonagricultural raw materials or
processed, machined, fabricated, or assembled parts or products for
defects, wear, and deviations from specifications. May use precision
measuring instruments and complex test equipment.
Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers
Design, fabricate, adjust, repair, or appraise jewelry, gold, silver,
other precious metals, or gems.
Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend lathe and turning machines to turn, bore,
thread, form, or face metal or plastic materials, such as wire, rod,
or bar stock.
Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers
Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to wash or dry-clean
industrial or household articles, such as cloth garments, suede,
leather, furs, blankets, draperies, linens, rugs, and carpets.
Includes spotters and dyers of these articles.
Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic
Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or
workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes,
castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters.
Machinists
Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision
parts and instruments out of metal. Includes precision instrument
makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May
also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or
maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics,
mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures.
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
Use hands or hand tools to perform routine cutting and trimming of
meat, poultry, and seafood.
Medical Appliance Technicians
Construct, maintain, or repair medical supportive devices such as
braces, orthotics and prosthetic devices, joints, arch supports, and
other surgical and medical appliances.
Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, All Other
All metal workers and plastic workers not listed separately.
Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend furnaces, such as gas, oil, coal, electric-arc or
electric induction, open-hearth, or oxygen furnaces, to melt and
refine metal before casting or to produce specified types of steel.
Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend milling or planing machines to mill, plane,
shape, groove, or profile metal or plastic work pieces.
Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines to mix or blend materials, such as
chemicals, tobacco, liquids, color pigments, or explosive ingredients.
Model Makers, Metal and Plastic
Set up and operate machines, such as lathes, milling and engraving
machines, and jig borers to make working models of metal or plastic
objects. Includes template makers.
Model Makers, Wood
Construct full-size and scale wooden precision models of products.
Includes wood jig builders and loft workers.
Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic
Mold, shape, form, cast, or carve products such as food products,
figurines, tile, pipes, and candles consisting of clay, glass,
plaster, concrete, stone, or combinations of materials.
Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or
coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or
products.
Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend more than one type of cutting or forming
machine tool or robot.
Nuclear Power Reactor Operators
Operate or control nuclear reactors. Move control rods, start and stop
equipment, monitor and adjust controls, and record data in logs.
Implement emergency procedures when needed. May respond to
abnormalities, determine cause, and recommend corrective action.
Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
Cut, grind, and polish eyeglasses, contact lenses, or other precision
optical elements. Assemble and mount lenses into frames or process
other optical elements. Includes precision lens polishers or grinders,
centerer-edgers, and lens mounters.
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or consumer products
for storage or shipment. Includes cannery workers who pack food products.
Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers
Paint, coat, or decorate articles, such as furniture, glass,
plateware, pottery, jewelry, toys, books, or leather.
Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend paper goods machines that perform a variety
of functions, such as converting, sawing, corrugating, banding,
wrapping, boxing, stitching, forming, or sealing paper or paperboard
sheets into products.
Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic
Lay out, machine, fit, and assemble castings and parts to metal or
plastic foundry patterns, core boxes, or match plates.
Patternmakers, Wood
Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in
forming sand molds for castings.
Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers
Operate or control petroleum refining or processing units. May
specialize in controlling manifold and pumping systems, gauging or
testing oil in storage tanks, or regulating the flow of oil into pipelines.
Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators
Perform work involved in developing and processing photographic images
from film or digital media. May perform precision tasks such as
editing photographic negatives and prints.
Plant and System Operators, All Other
All plant and system operators not listed separately.
Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend plating machines to coat metal or plastic
products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal
to protect or decorate surfaces. Typically, the product being coated
is immersed in molten metal or an electrolytic solution.
Potters, Manufacturing
Operate production machines such as pug mill, jigger machine, or
potter's wheel to process clay in manufacture of ceramic, pottery and
stoneware products.
Pourers and Casters, Metal
Operate hand-controlled mechanisms to pour and regulate the flow of
molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots.
Power Distributors and Dispatchers
Coordinate, regulate, or distribute electricity or steam.
Power Plant Operators
Control, operate, or maintain machinery to generate electric power.
Includes auxiliary equipment operators.
Prepress Technicians and Workers
Format and proof text and images submitted by designers and clients
into finished pages that can be printed. Includes digital and photo
typesetting. May produce printing plates.
Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials
Press or shape articles by hand or machine.
Print Binding and Finishing Workers
Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand
or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines.
Printing Press Operators
Set up and operate digital, letterpress, lithographic, flexographic,
gravure, or other printing machines. Includes short-run offset
printing presses.
Production Workers, All Other
All production workers not listed separately.
Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Set up, operate, or tend machines to roll steel or plastic forming
bends, beads, knurls, rolls, or plate, or to flatten, temper, or
reduce gauge of material.
Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood
Set up, operate, or tend wood sawing machines. May operate computer
numerically controlled (CNC) equipment. Includes lead sawyers.
Semiconductor Processing Technicians
Perform any or all of the following functions in the manufacture of
electronic semiconductors: load semiconductor material into furnace;
saw formed ingots into segments; load individual segment into crystal
growing chamber and monitor controls; locate crystal axis in ingot
using x-ray equipment and saw ingots into wafers; and clean, polish,
and load wafers into series of special purpose furnaces, chemical
baths, and equipment used to form circuitry and change conductive
properties.
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend continuous flow or vat-type equipment; filter
presses; shaker screens; centrifuges; condenser tubes; precipitating,
fermenting, or evaporating tanks; scrubbing towers; or batch stills.
These machines extract, sort, or separate liquids, gases, or solids
from other materials to recover a refined product. Includes dairy
processing equipment operators.
Sewers, Hand
Sew, join, reinforce, or finish, usually with needle and thread, a
variety of manufactured items. Includes weavers and stitchers.
Sewing Machine Operators
Operate or tend sewing machines to join, reinforce, decorate, or
perform related sewing operations in the manufacture of garment or
nongarment products.
Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend a variety of machines to join, decorate, reinforce, or
finish shoes and shoe parts.
Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers
Construct, decorate, or repair leather and leather-like products, such
as luggage, shoes, and saddles. May use hand tools.
Slaughterers and Meat Packers
Perform nonroutine or precision functions involving the preparation of
large portions of meat. Work may include specialized slaughtering
tasks, cutting standard or premium cuts of meat for marketing, making
sausage, or wrapping meats. Work typically occurs in slaughtering,
meat packing, or wholesale establishments.
Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
Operate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, or other mechanical
equipment to provide utilities for buildings or industrial processes.
Operate equipment such as steam engines, generators, motors, turbines,
and steam boilers.
Stone Cutters and Carvers, Manufacturing
Cut or carve stone according to diagrams and patterns.
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products.
Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers
Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments.
Team Assemblers
Work as part of a team having responsibility for assembling an entire
product or component of a product. Team assemblers can perform all
tasks conducted by the team in the assembly process and rotate through
all or most of them, rather than being assigned to a specific task on
a permanent basis. May participate in making management decisions
affecting the work. Includes team leaders who work as part of the team.
Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders
Operate or tend machines to bleach, shrink, wash, dye, or finish
textiles or synthetic or glass fibers.
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut textiles.
Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines that knit, loop, weave, or draw in
textiles.
Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend machines that wind or twist textiles; or draw
out and combine sliver, such as wool, hemp, or synthetic fibers.
Includes slubber machine and drawing frame operators.
Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers, All Other
All textile, apparel, and furnishings workers not listed separately.
Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters
Perform precision assembling or adjusting, within narrow tolerances,
of timing devices such as digital clocks or timing devices with
electrical or electronic components.
Tire Builders
Operate machines to build tires.
Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners
Perform precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing, or grinding of
metal objects.
Tool and Die Makers
Analyze specifications, lay out metal stock, set up and operate
machine tools, and fit and assemble parts to make and repair dies,
cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, gauges, and machinists' hand tools.
Upholsterers
Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or
transportation vehicles.
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators
Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often
through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater.
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers
Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment
to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or
seams of fabricated metal products.
Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing machines or
robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metal products,
components, or assemblies. Includes workers who operate laser cutters
or laser-beam machines.
Woodworkers, All Other
All woodworkers not listed separately.
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing
Set up, operate, or tend woodworking machines, such as drill presses,
lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines.
May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment.
Protective Service
Animal Control Workers
Handle animals for the purpose of investigations of mistreatment, or
control of abandoned, dangerous, or unattended animals.
Bailiffs
Maintain order in courts of law.
Correctional Officers and Jailers
Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance
with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in
transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes
deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time
guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.
Crossing Guards and Flaggers
Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as
streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites.
Customs and Border Protection Officers
Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, and
merchandise, arriving in or departing from the United States or
between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws
and regulations.
Detectives and Criminal Investigators
Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal,
state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes.
Fire Inspectors and Investigators
Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances
and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine cause of
fires and explosions.
Firefighters
Control and extinguish fires or respond to emergency situations where
life, property, or the environment is at risk. Duties may include fire
prevention, emergency medical service, hazardous material response,
search and rescue, and disaster assistance.
First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers
and jailers.
First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in
firefighting and fire prevention and control.
First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.
First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other
All protective service supervisors not listed separately above.
First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and
security guards.
Fish and Game Wardens
Patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations.
Investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife.
Compile biological data.
Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists
Enforce fire regulations, inspect forest for fire hazards, and
recommend forest fire prevention or control measures. May report
forest fires and weather conditions.
Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators
Observe gambling operation for irregular activities such as cheating
or theft by either employees or patrons. Investigate potential threats
to gambling assets such as money, chips, and gambling equipment. Act
as oversight and security agent for management and customers.
Intelligence Analysts
Gather, analyze, or evaluate information from a variety of sources,
such as law enforcement databases, surveillance, intelligence networks
or geographic information systems. Use intelligence data to anticipate
and prevent organized crime activities, such as terrorism.
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers
Monitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches, or ski slopes, to
provide assistance and protection to participants.
Parking Enforcement Workers
Patrol assigned area, such as public parking lot or city streets to
issue tickets to overtime parking violators and illegally parked vehicles.
Police Identification and Records Officers
Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fingerprints,
and photograph evidence for use in criminal and civil cases.
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers
Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local,
tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination
of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue
traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest
suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers
working at educational institutions.
Private Detectives and Investigators
Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals
or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or
infractions of rules in private establishment.
Protective Service Workers, All Other
All protective service workers not listed separately.
Retail Loss Prevention Specialists
Implement procedures and systems to prevent merchandise loss. Conduct
audits and investigations of employee activity. May assist in
developing policies, procedures, and systems for safeguarding assets.
School Bus Monitors
Maintain order among students on a school bus. Duties include helping
students safely board and exit and communicating behavioral problems.
May perform pretrip and posttrip inspections and prepare for and
assist in emergency evacuations.
Security Guards
Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or
infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment.
Transit and Railroad Police
Protect and police railroad and transit property, employees, or passengers.
Transportation Security Screeners
Conduct screening of passengers, baggage, or cargo to ensure
compliance with Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
regulations. May operate basic security equipment such as x-ray
machines and hand wands at screening checkpoints.
Sales and Related
Advertising Sales Agents
Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications,
signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces.
Cashiers
Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial
institutions. May use electronic scanners, cash registers, or related
equipment. May process credit or debit card transactions and validate
checks.
Counter and Rental Clerks
Receive orders, generally in person, for repairs, rentals, and
services. May describe available options, compute cost, and accept payment.
Demonstrators and Product Promoters
Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of
creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated
merchandise.
Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers
Sell goods or services door-to-door or on the street.
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of sales workers other
than retail sales workers. May perform duties such as budgeting,
accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties.
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of retail sales workers
in an establishment or department. Duties may include management
functions, such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel
work, in addition to supervisory duties.
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers
Exchange coins, tokens, and chips for patrons' money. May issue
payoffs and obtain customer's signature on receipt. May operate a
booth in the slot machine area and furnish change persons with money
bank at the start of the shift, or count and audit money in drawers.
Insurance Sales Agents
Sell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, or other types of
insurance. May refer clients to independent brokers, work as an
independent broker, or be employed by an insurance company.
Models
Model garments or other apparel and accessories for prospective buyers
at fashion shows, private showings, or retail establishments. May pose
for photos to be used in magazines or advertisements. May pose as
subject for paintings, sculptures, and other types of artistic expression.
Parts Salespersons
Sell spare and replacement parts and equipment in repair shop or parts
store.
Real Estate Brokers
Operate real estate office, or work for commercial real estate firm,
overseeing real estate transactions. Other duties usually include
selling real estate or renting properties and arranging loans.
Real Estate Sales Agents
Rent, buy, or sell property for clients. Perform duties such as study
property listings, interview prospective clients, accompany clients to
property site, discuss conditions of sale, and draw up real estate
contracts. Includes agents who represent buyer.
Retail Salespersons
Sell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles, appliances, or
apparel to consumers.
Sales Engineers
Sell business goods or services, the selling of which requires a
technical background equivalent to a baccalaureate degree in engineering.
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel
Sell services to individuals or businesses. May describe options or
resolve client problems.
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of
individuals. Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold.
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or
scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology,
engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at
least 2 years of postsecondary education.
Sales and Related Workers, All Other
All sales and related workers not listed separately.
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents
Buy and sell securities or commodities in investment and trading
firms, or provide financial services to businesses and individuals.
May advise customers about stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities,
and market conditions.
Solar Sales Representatives and Assessors
Contact new or existing customers to determine their solar equipment
needs, suggest systems or equipment, or estimate costs.
Telemarketers
Solicit donations or orders for goods or services over the telephone.
Travel Agents
Plan and sell transportation and accommodations for customers.
Determine destination, modes of transportation, travel dates, costs,
and accommodations required. May also describe, plan, and arrange
itineraries and sell tour packages. May assist in resolving clients'
travel problems.
Transportation and Material Moving
Air Traffic Controllers
Control air traffic on and within vicinity of airport, and movement of
air traffic between altitude sectors and control centers, according to
established procedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, and control
commercial airline flights according to government or company
regulations to expedite and ensure flight safety.
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors
Supervise and coordinate the activities of ground crew in the loading,
unloading, securing, and staging of aircraft cargo or baggage. May
determine the quantity and orientation of cargo and compute aircraft
center of gravity. May accompany aircraft as member of flight crew and
monitor and handle cargo in flight, and assist and brief passengers on
safety and emergency procedures. Includes loadmasters.
Aircraft Service Attendants
Service aircraft with fuel. May de-ice aircraft, refill water and
cooling agents, empty sewage tanks, service air and oxygen systems, or
clean and polish exterior.
Airfield Operations Specialists
Ensure the safe takeoff and landing of commercial and military
aircraft. Duties include coordination between air-traffic control and
maintenance personnel, dispatching, using airfield landing and
navigational aids, implementing airfield safety procedures, monitoring
and maintaining flight records, and applying knowledge of weather
information.
Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers
Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft, usually on
scheduled air carrier routes, for the transport of passengers and
cargo. Requires Federal Air Transport certificate and rating for
specific aircraft type used. Includes regional, national, and
international airline pilots and flight instructors of airline pilots.
Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians
Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transporting sick,
injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lifting patients.
Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants
Service automobiles, buses, trucks, boats, and other automotive or
marine vehicles with fuel, lubricants, and accessories. Collect
payment for services and supplies. May lubricate vehicle, change motor
oil, refill antifreeze, or replace lights or other accessories, such
as windshield wiper blades or fan belts. May repair or replace tires.
Aviation Inspectors
Inspect aircraft, maintenance procedures, air navigational aids, air
traffic controls, and communications equipment to ensure conformance
with Federal safety regulations.
Bridge and Lock Tenders
Operate and tend bridges, canal locks, and lighthouses to permit
marine passage on inland waterways, near shores, and at danger points
in waterway passages. May supervise such operations. Includes
drawbridge operators, lock operators, and slip bridge operators.
Bus Drivers, School
Drive a school bus to transport students. Ensure adherence to safety
rules. May assist students in boarding or exiting.
Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity
Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations,
charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage.
May collect fares or tickets.
Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels
Command or supervise operations of ships and water vessels, such as
tugboats and ferryboats. Required to hold license issued by U.S. Coast
Guard.
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment
Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. Use
such materials as water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses.
Commercial Pilots
Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft on nonscheduled
air carrier routes, or helicopters. Requires Commercial Pilot
certificate. Includes charter pilots with similar certification, and
air ambulance and air tour pilots. Excludes regional, national, and
international airline pilots.
Conveyor Operators and Tenders
Control or tend conveyors or conveyor systems that move materials or
products to and from stockpiles, processing stations, departments, or
vehicles. May control speed and routing of materials or products.
Crane and Tower Operators
Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift
and move materials, machines, or products in many directions.
Dredge Operators
Operate dredge to remove sand, gravel, or other materials in order to
excavate and maintain navigable channels in waterways.
Driver/Sales Workers
Drive truck or other vehicle over established routes or within an
established territory and sell or deliver goods, such as food
products, including restaurant take-out items, or pick up or deliver
items such as commercial laundry. May also take orders, collect
payment, or stock merchandise at point of delivery.
First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of helpers, laborers,
or material movers, hand.
First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of material-moving
machine and vehicle operators and helpers.
First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants
Supervise and coordinate activities of passenger attendants.
First-Line Supervisors of Transportation Workers, All Other
All first-line supervisors of transportation workers not listed separately.
Flight Attendants
Monitor safety of the aircraft cabin. Provide services to airline
passengers, explain safety information, serve food and beverages, and
respond to emergency incidents.
Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators
Operate steam-, gas-, electric motor-, or internal combustion-engine
driven compressors. Transmit, compress, or recover gases, such as
butane, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas.
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
Drive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with a capacity of at
least 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). May be required to
unload truck. Requires commercial drivers' license. Includes tow truck
drivers.
Hoist and Winch Operators
Operate or tend hoists or winches to lift and pull loads using
power-operated cable equipment.
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials
around a warehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site, or
similar location.
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform
other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified.
Light Truck Drivers
Drive a light vehicle, such as a truck or van, with a capacity of less
than 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), primarily to pick up
merchandise or packages from a distribution center and deliver. May
load and unload vehicle.
Locomotive Engineers
Drive electric, diesel-electric, steam, or gas-turbine-electric
locomotives to transport passengers or freight. Interpret train
orders, electronic or manual signals, and railroad rules and regulations.
Machine Feeders and Offbearers
Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment
that is automatic or tended by other workers.
Material Moving Workers, All Other
All material moving workers not listed separately.
Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other
All motor vehicle operators not listed separately.
Motorboat Operators
Operate small motor-driven boats. May assist in navigational activities.
Packers and Packagers, Hand
Pack or package by hand a wide variety of products and materials.
Parking Attendants
Park vehicles or issue tickets for customers in a parking lot or
garage. May park or tend vehicles in environments such as a car
dealership or rental car facility. May collect fee.
Passenger Attendants
Provide services to ensure the safety of passengers aboard ships,
buses, trains, or within the station or terminal. Perform duties such
as explaining the use of safety equipment, serving meals or beverages,
or answering questions related to travel.
Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers
Tend, control, or operate power-driven, stationary, or portable pumps
and manifold systems to transfer gases, oil, other liquids, slurries,
or powdered materials to and from various vessels and processes.
Rail Transportation Workers, All Other
All rail transportation workers not listed separately.
Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers
Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad
yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location.
Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators and Locomotive Firers
Operate or monitor railroad track switches or locomotive instruments.
May couple or uncouple rolling stock to make up or break up trains.
Watch for and relay traffic signals. May inspect couplings, air hoses,
journal boxes, and hand brakes. May watch for dragging equipment or
obstacles on rights-of-way.
Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters
Coordinate activities of switch-engine crew within railroad yard,
industrial plant, or similar location. Conductors coordinate
activities of train crew on passenger or freight trains. Yardmasters
review train schedules and switching orders and coordinate activities
of workers engaged in railroad traffic operations, such as the makeup
or breakup of trains and yard switching.
Recycling Coordinators
Supervise curbside and drop-off recycling programs for municipal
governments or private firms.
Recycling and Reclamation Workers
Prepare and sort materials or products for recycling. Identify and
remove hazardous substances. Dismantle components of products such as
appliances.
Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
Collect and dump refuse or recyclable materials from containers into
truck. May drive truck.
Sailors and Marine Oilers
Stand watch to look for obstructions in path of vessel, measure water
depth, turn wheel on bridge, or use emergency equipment as directed by
captain, mate, or pilot. Break out, rig, overhaul, and store
cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging, and running gear. Perform a
variety of maintenance tasks to preserve the painted surface of the
ship and to maintain line and ship equipment. Must hold
government-issued certification and tankerman certification when
working aboard liquid-carrying vessels. Includes able seamen and
ordinary seamen.
Ship Engineers
Supervise and coordinate activities of crew engaged in operating and
maintaining engines, boilers, deck machinery, and electrical,
sanitary, and refrigeration equipment aboard ship.
Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs
Drive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on a planned or
scheduled basis. May collect a fare. Includes nonemergency medical
transporters and hearse drivers.
Stockers and Order Fillers
Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other
items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves,
racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to
fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays.
Subway and Streetcar Operators
Operate subway or elevated suburban trains with no separate
locomotive, or electric-powered streetcar, to transport passengers.
May handle fares.
Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders
Load and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such as coal, sand, and
grain, into or from tank cars, trucks, or ships, using material moving
equipment. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment
of products. May gauge or sample shipping tanks and test them for leaks.
Taxi Drivers
Drive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on an unplanned basis
and charge a fare, usually based on a meter.
Traffic Technicians
Conduct field studies to determine traffic volume, speed,
effectiveness of signals, adequacy of lighting, and other factors
influencing traffic conditions, under direction of traffic engineer.
Transportation Inspectors
Inspect equipment or goods in connection with the safe transport of
cargo or people. Includes rail transportation inspectors, such as
freight inspectors, rail inspectors, and other inspectors of
transportation vehicles not elsewhere classified.
Transportation Vehicle, Equipment and Systems Inspectors, Except Aviation
Inspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, or systems to
ensure compliance with regulations and safety standards.
Transportation Workers, All Other
All transportation workers not listed separately.
Wellhead Pumpers
Operate power pumps and auxiliary equipment to produce flow of oil or
gas from wells in oil field.